1. Global Employment Trends for Youth report - 2022
Tags: International News
The Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022 report has been released by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) as part of the global call to action for a "human-centred recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic".
Key points of the report
According to the "Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022" report, rare unemployment among youth aged 15-24 has reached 15.6% worldwide. This is three times the unemployment rate among adults.
According to the report, the number of unemployed youth population has come down from 75 million in 2021 to 73 million in 2022. However, this number is still 6 million more than the number before the Covid-19 pandemic.
The unemployment rate in Africa is 12.7%, lower than the global average of 14.9%. This figure highlights that young people have withdrawn from the labour markets.
Schools were closed in India for 18 months. Of the 240 million school going children, only 8% in rural areas and 23% in urban areas had access to online education. As a result, 92% of children on average have lost a basic ability in language. 82% of children have lost at least one basic ability in maths.
According to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), the labour force participation rate (LPR) in India fell to 38.8% in June 2022.
The share of people in the age group of 18-21 in newly created EPF accounts has come down from 37.9% in 2018-19 to 24.1% in 2021-22.
About International Labour Organisation
It was established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations.
In 1946, it became the first specialised agency affiliated with the United Nations.
Objective of Establishment: Social justice is essential for global and lasting peace.
India is a founding member of the ILO and has been a permanent member of the governing body of the ILO since the year 1922.
The first office of ILO in India was established in 1928.
Headquarters- Geneva, Switzerland
Director General – Gilbert Hongbo
2. William Ruto declared winner of Kenya presidential election
Tags: Person in news International News
In Kenya, Deputy President William Ruto has been declared the winner of Kenya's presidential election on 16 August.
Important facts
He defeated his rival Raila Odinga by a very small margin, securing 50.5 percent of the vote.
The worst drought in 40 years has ravaged the northern part of the country, leaving 4.1 million people dependent on food aid, while the country's debt levels have risen.
Ruto was the Vice President of Kenya for the last 9 years.
Significantly, President Uhuru Kenyatta remained in power for a decade.
History of violence
In 2017, over 100 people were killed after the Supreme Court quashed preliminary results over irregularities in the electoral process.
Amid fears that allegations of vote rigging had led to bloody conflicts after the presidential elections in 2007 and 2017, the courts were urged to control any disputes.
The US Embassy in Kenya urged all parties to work together to peacefully resolve concerns about the election.
Economic issues such as rising food and fuel prices, government debt, unemployment and widespread corruption were central to the election in the country.
People here were more worried about fuel prices after the Russia-Ukraine war.
About Kenya
Capital - Nairobi
Official Languages - Swahili, English
Currency - Kenyan Shilling
3. NMDC and FICCI to organise Conference on Indian Minerals & Metal Industry
Tags: National News
National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd. (NMDC) and FICCI will be organizing a conference on the Indian minerals and metals industry on 23rd and 24th August at New Delhi.
Important facts
The two-day event is being organized to commemorate the 75 glorious years of India's independence and the ongoing "Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav" in association with the Union Ministry of Steel and Mines.
Speakers from industry, policy and academia will participate in the conference.
Global and domestic producers, mineral associations, policy makers, mine equipment manufacturers, global corporates, central and state government officials, among others, will be present and address the conference.
The event will also witness a panel discussion on the future of minerals and metals around the world.
Theme of the conference - ‘Transition Towards 2030 & Vision 2047’
Objective of the conference
The objective of the event is to deliberate on the roadmap for the minerals and metals sector to achieve 'Vision 2047'.
About Minerals
A mineral is a natural substance of organic or inorganic origin with definite chemical and physical properties.
Minerals are of two types - Metallic minerals and Nonmetallic minerals
Examples of metallic minerals are iron ore, copper, gold, etc.
Non-metallic minerals are basically inorganic such as mica, limestone and graphite, etc.
Metallic minerals are sub-divided as ferrous and non-ferrous metallic.
National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd. (NMDC)
It was established in 1958 as a wholly owned public enterprise of the Government of India.
It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Steel, Government of India.
It is India’s largest Iron Ore producer.
The company was classified as a "Navratna" Public Sector Enterprise in 2008 by the Department of Public Enterprises.
4. India adds 11 more wetlands to the list of Ramsar sites, a total of 75
Tags: National News
India on August 13 added 11 more wetlands to the list of Ramsar sites in the 75th year of independence making it a total of 75 Ramsar sites covering an area of 13,26,677 hectares in the country.
Important facts
The 11 new sites are - Four in Tamil Nadu, Three in Odisha, Two in Jammu & Kashmir and One each in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
A total of 28 sites have been declared as Ramsar sites during the year 2022.
Tamil Nadu has the highest number of Ramsar sites (14), followed by Uttar Pradesh (10).
11 wetlands designated as Ramsar sites
S.No | Name of wetland | Area in Ha | State |
1. | Tampara Lake | 300 | Odisha |
2. | Hirakud Reservoir | 65400 | |
3. | Ansupa Lake | 231 | |
4. | Yashwant Sagar | 822.90 | Madhya Pradesh |
5. | Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary | 260.47 | Tamil Nadu |
6. | Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex | 94.23 | |
7. | Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary | 112.64 | |
8. | Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary | 96.89 | |
9. | Thane Creek | 6521.08 | Maharashtra |
10. | Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve | 801.82 | Jammu and Kashmir |
11. | Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve | 1675 | |
| Total area of 11 sites | 76316 |
|
Year wise designation of 75 Ramsar sites
S. No. | Year of Designation | No of site designated (As per date of designation) | Sites designated upto 2013 and after 2014 to till date | Area covered in Ha |
1 | 1981 | 2 | 26 (1981 to 2013)
| 633871 |
2 | 1990 | 4 | ||
3 | 2002 | 13 | ||
4 | 2005 | 6 | ||
5 | 2012 | 1 | ||
6 | 2019 | 11 | 49 (2014 to 2022)
| 692807
|
7 | 2020 | 5 | ||
8 | 2021 | 14 | ||
9 | 2022 | 19 | ||
| Total | 75 | 75 | 1326678 |
Summary of 11 new Ramsar sites
Tampara Lake = It is among the most prominent freshwater lakes in the State of Odisha situated in Ganjam district. There are at least 60 species of birds, 46 species of fish, at least 48 species of phytoplankton and more than seven species of terrestrial plants and macrophytes.
Hirakud Reservoir - It is the largest earthen dam in Odisha started operating in 1957. Of the 54 fish species found in the reservoir, one is classified as endangered, six near threatened and 21 fish species of economic importance. At present, about 480 metric tonnes of fish are caught annually from fisheries and it is the mainstay of livelihood for 7,000 fisher families.
Ansupa Lake - It is the largest freshwater lake of Odisha situated in Cuttack district and has its fame from time immemorial for its scenic beauty, biodiversity, and natural resources. It is home to at least 194 species of birds, 61 species of fishes and 26 species of mammals in addition to 244 species of macrophytes.
Yashwant Sagar - It is one of the two Important Bird Areas (IBA) in the Indore region as well as one of the most important birding sites in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. It is mainly used for water supply in Indore city and is also being used for fish farming on a commercial scale.
Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary - It is located in Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. The wetland has been a protected area since 1989 and declared as Bird Sanctuary.
Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex - It is part of the Suchindrum-Theroor Manakudi Conservation Reserve. It is declared an Important Bird Area and lies at the southern tip of the Central Asian flyway of migratory birds.
Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary - It is a large human-made irrigation tank and shelter for migratory birds as it provides a suitable environment for food, shelter, and breeding ground.
Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary - It is a Protected area near Mudukulathur Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, declared in 1989. It is notable as a nest for several migratory heron species that settle in the acacia groves there.
Thane Creek - It is located in Maharashtra. There are several sources of fresh water to the creek, of which Ulhas River is the largest, followed by many drainage channels from various suburban areas of Mumbai, Navi Mumbai & Thane. It has been declared as Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary.
Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve - It falls within the River Jhelum basin and plays a significant role as a flood absorption basin, biodiversity conservation site, eco-tourism site, and livelihood security for the local communities. It is located in the Baramulla district.
Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve - It is located in the District Srinagar, UT of J&K. Large areas of the wetland dry up between September and March. The area has extensive reedbeds of Phragmites communis and Typha angustata, and rich growth of Nymphaea candida and N stellata on open water.
5. Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh unveils India’s first Saline Water Lantern
Tags: Science and Technology National News
Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Science & Technology, Dr Jitendra Singh on 13 August launched India’s first Saline Water Lantern.
About Saline Water Lantern
It uses the sea water as the electrolyte between specially designed electrodes to power the LED lamps.
It is the first-of-its kind lantern named “Roshni”.
The Roshni Lamp has been invented by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai.
This technique can also be used in areas where sea water is not available, as any saltwater or normal water mixed with common salt can be used to power lanterns.
Significance
It will bring "ease of living" to the poor and needy, especially the fishing community living along India's 7500 km long coastline.
It will also give a boost to and complement Prime Minister Narendra Modi's UJALA scheme launched in 2015 for the distribution of LED bulbs across the country.
It is not only cost-effective, but very easy to operate.
6. Govt to bring model by-laws to govern all Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies
Tags: Economy/Finance National News
Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah has said that the government will bring a model bye-law to govern all Primary Agriculture Cooperative Societies (PACS) in the country.
Important facts
He was addressing a national conference on rural cooperative banks organised by the Ministry of Cooperation and the National Federation of State Cooperative Banks (NAFSCOB) at Vignan Bhavan in New Delhi on 12 August.
He said that sick and discontinued packs should be revived or taken for liquidation.
PACS will not be viable just by giving agriculture loans, they should diversify their business.
He stressed the need to set up more than 2 lakh new PACS across the country to achieve the target of providing agri-finance of Rs 10 lakh crore through cooperatives.
Presently there are more than 95,000 packs, of which only 63,000 packs are operational.
The implementation of these model bye-laws will depend on the states as cooperatives are a subject in the State List (Schedule VII).
What are Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS)?
These are grassroots level cooperative credit institutions that provide short-term and medium-term agricultural loans to farmers for various agricultural and agricultural activities.
It works at the gram Panchayat and village level.
The first Primary Agricultural Credit Society (PACS) was set up in 1904.
PACS are registered under the Co-operative Societies Act and regulated by RBI.
Objectives of PACS
Raise capital for the purpose of making loans
Supporting members' essential activities
Collect deposits from members with the goal of improving their savings habit
Arrange for the supply and development of improved breeds of livestock to the members
Supply agricultural inputs and services to members at reasonable prices
7. 'Har Ghar Tiranga' campaign to mark 75 years of India's Independence to kick off today
Tags: National News
The 'Har Ghar Tiranga' campaign is starting from August 13 to encourage people to bring home and hoist the tricolour to commemorate the 75th year of India's independence.
What is the Har Ghar Tiranga campaign?
This campaign will run till 15th August.
The campaign envisages to inspire Indians everywhere to hoist the national flag at their home.
Since the announcement of the campaign, more than 20 crore national flags have been made available to the people.
The idea behind this initiative is to inculcate the feeling of patriotism in the hearts of the people and promote awareness about the tricolour.
Apart from homes, the flag will also be hoisted in public undertakings, local self-governing bodies, government, educational institutions, commercial establishments and private firms.
About National Flag
On 22 July 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted the national flag.
The flag which was chosen has undergone several changes since it was originally designed by Pingali Venkayya in 1923.
Venkayya was a freedom fighter.
He was known as Jhanda Venkayya because he published a book on 30 designs for the Indian flag in 1916.
His 146th birth anniversary was on 2 August 2022.
Flag Code of Conduct, 2002
The rules for the use, display and hoisting of the National Flag are laid down in the Flag Code of Conduct, 2002.
This code of conduct was implemented on 26 January 2002.
The Flag Code of Conduct, 2002, allows unrestricted display of the tricolour while maintaining the honour and dignity of the flag.
The Flag Code of India, 2002 is divided into three parts-
The first part contains a general description of the national flag.
The second part deals with the display of the national flag by members of the public, private organisations, educational institutions, etc.
The third part gives information about the hoisting of the national flag by the central and state governments and their organisations and agencies. It mentions that the tricolour cannot be used for commercial purposes.
Apart from this, the flag should not be used as a festival or for the purposes of any kind of decoration.
For official display only flags conforming to the specifications prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards and bearing its mark may be used.
Hoisting the national flag is a fundamental right
A bench headed by Chief Justice of India VN Khare in its judgement said that under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, citizens have a fundamental right to hoist the national flag in its premises throughout the year.
However, it was also held by the court that the dignity of the national flag should be maintained in the premises.
Constitutional and Statutory Provisions
Article 51A(a) – To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950
Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971
8. 150th birth anniversary of Sri Aurobindo
Tags: Person in news National News
On the occasion of the 150th Birth Anniversary of Maharshi Aurobindo and the 75th Year of Independence, the Union Ministry of Culture is commemorating the life and philosophy of Shri Aurobindo by undertaking Spiritual Programmes in 75 prisons across the nation from 12 to 15th August.
Important facts
These programs aim to transform the lives of inmates by imbibing Aurobindo's philosophy and adopting yoga and meditation.
The ministry has partnered with notable spiritual leaders and organizations to carry out these programs.
Mainly keeping in mind the association with the national freedom struggle, the Ministry of Culture has identified 75 prisons across the country where these events will be held.
Five organizations including Ramakrishna Mission, Patanjali, Art of Living, Isha Foundation and Satsang Foundation have been roped in to organize the programme.
Who was Maharshi Aurobindo?
He was born in Calcutta on 15th August 1872.
He was a yogi, seer, philosopher, poet and Indian nationalist.
He propounded the principle of divine life philosophy on earth through spiritual development.
His education began at a Christian convent school in Darjeeling.
He entered the University of Cambridge, where he mastered two classical and several modern European languages.
He cleared the ICS exam securing 11th rank out of 250 candidates.
He also studied yoga and Indian languages, including classical Sanskrit.
Role in Indian Revolutionary Movement
He participated in the struggle to free India from the British from the year 1902 to 1910.
He was imprisoned by the British in the year 1908 in the Alipore Bomb Case.
Two years later he fled British India and took refuge in the French colony of Pondicherry.
He converted his entire life in Pondicherry into a complete and spiritual form and devoted himself to the development of yoga.
In Pondicherry he founded a community of spiritual seekers which took shape in the year 1926 as Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
His literary works
Bhagavad Gita and Its Message
Bases of Yoga
The Future Evolution of Man
Rebirth and Karma
Hour of God
9. Latvia and Estonia withdraw from cooperation group between China and Central and Eastern European countries
Tags: International News
Latvia and Estonia have withdrawn from a cooperation group between China and more than a dozen Central and Eastern European countries.
Important facts
The move comes amid Western criticism of China over increasing military pressure on Taiwan.
Relations between Lithuania and China deteriorated after Taiwan was allowed to open a de facto embassy late last year.
Latvia and Estonia said they would continue to work towards a constructive and pragmatic relationship with China while respecting a rules-based international order and human rights.
China and Central & Eastern European (CEE) 17+1 cooperation group
It is a China-led format founded in 2012 in Budapest.
It aims to expand cooperation between Beijing and Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states with investment and trade for the development of the CEE region.
It also aims at the development of infrastructure projects such as modernization of bridges, motorways, railway lines and ports in the member states.
It includes twelve EU member states and five Balkan states.
Name of the countries in 17+1 - Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia.
10. India-UK conclude fifth round of FTA talks
Tags: Economy/Finance International News
India and the United Kingdom (UK) concluded the fifth round of talks for an FTA on the 29th of last month.
Important facts
In the fifth round of talks, technical experts from both sides came together to discuss 15 policy areas.
Currently, India is holding FTA talks with some of its trading partners including the European Union, Canada and Israel.
Consensus between both countries
Officials in India and the UK will continue to work intensively throughout the summer to finalize talks on a comprehensive and balanced free trade agreement by the end of October 2022.
UK agrees to end duties on Indian rice and textile items.
India may allow duty-free entry of British apples, medical equipment and machinery manufactured in the UK.
India initially proposed an early harvest agreement or interim FTA that would be ready by Diwali.
Through this agreement, India-UK bilateral trade is estimated to double to about $100 billion by 2030.
An agreement is also expected to be reached on mutual recognition of higher education qualifications.
India is likely to get more skill visas, as the UK currently faces a shortage of experts in the IT and programming sectors.
The India-UK FTA agreement is also expected to give a boost to the domestic textile sectors.
What is Free Trade Agreement (FTA)?
Under this agreement, customs duties, regulatory laws, subsidies and quotas etc. are simplified on the products under import-export between two countries.
Its main objective is to simplify trade.
A major advantage of FTA is that the cost of production of the two countries between which this agreement is made becomes cheaper as compared to other countries.
This encourages trade and gives impetus to the economy.
