Free Practice Questions for Biology in General-studies

Tuberculosis in humans is spread by droplet infection, in which  it is spread to other people who come in contact with it by the   patient through breathing (air exhaled during breathing), sneezing.

Important Point

Tuberclosis

• Tuberclosis is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
•  It affects the lungs of human being.
• The Mantoux test is used to detect  latent tuberclosis (TB). 
• It involves injecting a small amount of a substance called PPD tuberculin(purofied protein derivative tuberculin) into the skin of your forearm.
• Tuberculosis is caused by different types of Mycobacterium. It usually spreads to the lungs , but it can affect other parts of the body. 
• On 24 March observed as World TB Day every year.
•  'Invest to End TB. Save Lives' is the theme of 'World TB Day 2022'.

Vegetative reproduction take place in red algae by Fragmentation.

Important Points:

• Algae reproduce vegetatively, asexually and sexually.  
• Spore formation is another means of asexual reproduction. 
•  In sexual reproduction, the two gametes may be flagellated and equal in size (as in Ulothrix) or without flagella but of equal size (as in Spirogyra ). Such reproduction is called isogamous. 

Water fluoridation, which is the controlled addition of fluoride to public water supplies, is used to prevent tooth decay.

Important Points:

• Topical fluoride can be obtained on a daily basis by using fluoridated toothpaste.
• Drinking fluoridated water keeps teeth strong and reduces cavities. Fluoride maintains teeth by strengthening the enamel of the tooth, making it more resistant to tooth decay.
• This oral bacteria produces acid which destroys the enamel.

Container-based sanitation refers to a system wherein toilets collect human feces in sealable, removable containers and they are taken to treatment facilities. 

Important Points:

• This technology sanitation involves a commercial service that provides a type of portable toilet.
• It transports and safely disposes or reuses the collected excreta.
  

Poor sanitary conditions may not be the possible reason behind arthritis.  

The main symptoms of arthritis are pain and stiffness in the joints, which usually occur with age. 

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common types of arthritis.

Option Explanation

Polio:-   Poliomyelitis or Polio, is an infectious viral disease. Polio is a cause of disability that affects the nervous system. Due to which there are problems like paralysis, difficulty in breathing and due to which the person dies. 

Typhoid:-  Typhoid is a serious disease, it is caused by bacteria called Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi.

Cholera:-   Cholera is a diarrheal disease, which is caused by a bacteria named cholera Vibrio cholerae.

Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose and galactose. Monosaccharides, also called simple sugars, are the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) of carbohydrates.

Important Points:

• The general formula is C_nH_2nO_n, although not all molecules (such as acetic acid) that fit this formula are carbohydrates. 
• They are usually colourless, water soluble and crystalline solids. Contrary to their name (sugars), only a few monosaccharides have a sweet taste. 
• Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). 
• Galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses but have different physical structures and chemical properties.

'Swachh Survekshan - Urban' was launched as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. 

• The Swachh Bharat 'Swachh Survekshan Mission' was launched in 2016 by the Government of India.It is under this mission that the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has started Swachh Survekshan 2022. 
• Swachh Survekshan is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in cities and towns of India.
• Swachh Survekshan 2020 declared Indore as the cleanest city in India.

Hence integral option 1, 2, 3 is true.

•  The 'Swachh Survekshan - Urban' is conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) .Hence option 4 is false.

Detritivores include millipedes, springtails, woodlice, dung flies, slugs, many terrestrial insects, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and fiddler crabs.

Important Points 

• The species that carry out the process of decomposition are called detritivores. 
• Detritivores are heterotrophic organisms that eat debris (decaying plant or animal matter).
• Detritivores may also obtain nutrition by coprophagy.

Out of the above option, fungus does not come in the F-diagram of spread of microbes by faecal matter.

•  F-Diagram showing the route of oral disease transmission.
• The movement of pathogens from faeces of a sick person to others, both directly and indirectly, are examples of: liquids (drinking water), food, flies, fields (crops and soil), floors, fingers, and fluids (and usually surface water).
• In 1958, Wagner and Lannoixidentified the principal means of transmission and production in what is now known as the 'F' diagram.
•  Lack of adequate sanitation and unsafe or limited water supplies contribute to the spread.

A Bee has a total of 5 eyes.

Important Points

• The Bee has 3 big eyes on the left side and 2 small eyes on the right side near the head.
• In the animal world, the bee is an insect of the 'Arthropoda' union. Honey is obtained from Bees.
• Bees live in union by making hives. Each union consists of a queen, several hundred males, and the rest are workers.    
• There are five major species of bees :  Apis melipona,  Apis dorsata ,  Apis florea ,  Apis cerana indica ,  Apis mellifera.
• Formic acid is found in bee sting.

The correct answer is carrying capacity.

Important Points:

• Carrying capacity is defined as the maximum population of a living species in an ecosystem of a geographic area that the resources of that ecosystem can provide.
• If the population growth exceeds the ecosystem's carrying capacity, it is called population overshoot.
• The population size of a species is limited by environmental factors such as sufficient food, shelter, water, and mates.
• If these needs are not met, the population will decline until the resources are returned.

 25 grams of magnesium is found in the body of a normal adult human.

Important Points:

• It is necessary for an adult woman or man to consume 300 to 400 milligrams of magnesium daily.
• Sources of magnesium: Dried fruits, dark chocolate, avocados, legumes, tofu, bananas, whole grains, leafy greens, seeds, quinoa.
• Magnesium is involved in over 300 enzyme processes in the human body, magnesium is involved in  boosting the immune system, controlling blood pressure, and supporting muscle and nerve function.

Vitamin B complex contains 8 vitamins.

Important Points :

• Vitamin B plays a very important  role in cell metabolism.
• It is a water-soluble vitamin.
• Each vitamin B performs unique functions.  
• Vitamin B is an essential vitamin, present  in both plant and animal food sources, including fresh fruits, vegetables,  butter, dates, cereals, wheat, milk, cheese, mushrooms,  fish, eggs, etc.

Vitamin C is the water soluble vitamin.

Important Points:

• Vitamin C deficiency causesscurvy disease.
• Vitamin C plays an important role in wound healing and immunity, and it even acts as an antioxidant, helping prevent cell damage. 
• The symptoms of scurvy are feel tired and weak, have severe joint or leg pain , bleeding gums etc. 
• Vitamin C is found in sour fruits , broccoli, goat milk and chestnuts etc.
• Water soluble vitamins- B and C.
• Fat soluble vitamins- A, D, E and K.

Fat stores maximum energy per gram.

Important Points:

• The body uses fat as a fuel source, and fat is the major storage form of energy in the body. 
• Fat also has many other important functions in the body, and a moderate amount is needed in the diet for good health.
• Carbohydrates provide 4.1 kcal per gram, protein provides 5.65 kcal per gram, and fat provides 9 kcal per gram.

Vitamin B plays a very important role in metabolism. It is a water-soluble vitamin.

Important Points:

• Vitamin B comprise all eight directory complements. Each vitamin B performs unique functions.  
• Vitamin B is an essential vitamin, present  in both plant and animal food sources, including fresh fruits, vegetables,  butter, dates, cereals, wheat, milk, cheese, mushrooms,  fish, eggs.

Vitamins B complex commonly used is constituted of 8 vitamins.

• Vitamin B1 -Thiamin
• Vitamin B2 —Riboflavin
• Vitamin B3 – Niacin
• Vitamin B5 —Pantothenic acid
• Vitamin B6 – Pyridoxine
• Vitamin B7 — Biotin
• Vitamin B9 - Teroil glutamic
• Vitamin B12 — Cyanocobalamin

In bacteria autotrophic nutrition is found.

Important Points :

• Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled organisms.
• Bacteria make their own food by converting light energy, chemical energy or inorganic substances into usable energy.

Options Explanation :

Virus :

•  A virus is a infectious agent which replicates only  within a host organism.
•  Viruses are the connecting link between living and non-living entities.

Fungi:

• Fungi are eukaryotic cellular  organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and mushrooms. 
• Kingdom fungi contain a cell wall of chitin.

Protozoa:

• Protozoa are unicellular, infectious ,eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms. 
•  There are examples of  protozoa that cause diseases in animals and humans like Plasmodium (malarial parasite), Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness), Trichomonas (trichomoniasis), etc.

Vitamin D is related to Osteoporosis.

Important Points:

• Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue.
• It is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle.
• Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder. 

Option Explanation:

 SSC MTS 05/08/2019 (Afternoon)

Important facts-

• Photosynthetic organisms, also known asphotoautotrophs.
• Some of these organisms include higher plants,some protists (algae and euglena),and some bacteria.
• Photoautotrophs produce organic compounds from inorganic elements in the presence of solar energy and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll).
• Microorganisms and green plants are included in photoautotrophs .