Free Practice Questions for Biology in General-studies

Amla is richest in Vitamin C.

Important Points:

• The richness of amla can be gauged from the fact that an average quality piece of the fruit, weighing about 100 grams, may contain up to 800 mg of vitamin C, much more than a commercially available tablet.
• Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy disease.
• The symptoms of scurvy are feel tired, weak,have severe joint or leg pain,  have swollen, bleeding gums.
• Some important vitamins and their source

 SSC CPO 15/03/2019 (Morning)

Important facts-

Fat soluble vitamins and their sources

Water soluble vitamins and their sources

Vitamin D is prepared in the presence of sunlight.

Important Points:

• The natural source of Vitamin D is sunlight.
• Vitamin D helps to regulate the amount of Phosphate and calcium in the body.
• Vitamin D is needed to make teeth, bones and muscles healthy. 
• A lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets disease in children, and bone pain caused in adults is called osteomalacia.

Consumers is not a type of  heterotrophs.

Important Points:

• All animals ,non photosynthetic bacteria and  non-photosynthetic plants are known as heterotrophic organisms since they are unable to prepare food ,they depend on other organisms for their food and energy.

 Option Explanation:

• Herbivores- Those organisms which depend upon plants for their food and energy called herbivores. Examples cows, goats, deer, elephants are herbivores.
• Carnivores- These animals feed on other animals for their food and energy. Secondary and tertiary consumers are found in this group example lions, tigers and leopards are carnivores.
• Omnivores- Those animals which can survive on either plants or animals for their food. Examples are cockroaches, pigs, chimpanzees, and ants are some examples of omnivores.

Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin.

Important Points:

• It is found in cabbage, cauliflower, spinach and other green leafy vegetables, cereals, and soybeans.
• Vitamin K deficiency increases the risk of uncontrolled bleeding.
• Vitamin K deficiency is very rare in adults, but it is very common in newborns.
• It participates in the carboxylation of proteins that convert the blood clotting agent prothrombin to thrombin.

Goiter is caused by the deficiency of iodine.

Important Points:

• The body needs iodine to make thyroid hormone.
• Goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland made as a lump under the skin at the front of the neck.

Options Explanation:

• Vitamin C - Scurvy disease causes by the deficiency of Vitamin C.
• Iron- Iron deficiency anaemia is a anaemia caused by a lack of iron.
• Calcium- Calcium is a type of mineral  important for healthy bones and teeth, although it is essential for blood clotting, muscle contraction, and regulating normal heart rhythms and nerve functions.

Bones  of the human body gets affected by the illness osteoporosis .

Important Points :

• Osteoporosis is a disease caused by low calcium intake.

  Osteoporosis is a disease of low bone density and structural deterioration of bone tissue.

  This increases bone fragility and the risk of fractures of the hip, wrist and spine.

  Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that is commonly caused by decreased estrogen levels.

Potassium deficiency causes hypokalemia.

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamin whereas Vitamin C and B is water soluble.

Important Points:

Jaundice - The liver is affected, and skin and eyes turn yellow due to the deposit of bile pigments.

Important Points :

Blood flow between the heart and lungs is called pulmonary circulation.

Important Points:

• Blood flow between heart and body parts is called systemic circulation.
• The flow of blood in the pulmonary circulatory system is therefore as follows:
• Right atrium → Right ventricle  → Pulmonary artery → Lungs  → pulmonary vein →Left atrium
• The flow of blood in the systemic circulatory system is therefore as follows:
• Left atriumleft ventricleaortabody organsvena cava right atrium.

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the human body. The thyroid gland secretes the hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine. 

 Important Points:

• Thyroid hormones aid in the production of red blood cells. 
• Thyroid hormones regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. 
• Thyroid hormones also have an impact on the regulation of water and electrolyte balance. 
• Iodine is required for the thyroid's regular pace of hormone synthesis. 
• Iodine deficiency in our diet causes hypothyroidism and thyroid gland enlargement, often known as goitre. 
• The thyroid gland also secretes thyrocalcitonin (TCT), a protein hormone that regulates blood calcium levels.

The second-largest phylum of the animal kingdom is Mollusca.

Important Points:

• They are terrestrial or aquatic (marine or fresh water) .
• They have an open circulatory system and kidney-like organs for excretion. There is a foot that is used for moving around. 
• Examples: Pila (Apple snail), Pinctada (Pearl oyster), Sepia (Cuttlefish), Loligo (Squid), Octopus (Devil fish), Aplysia (Seahare), Dentalium (Tusk shell) and Chaetopleura (Chiton).

A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 

Important Points:

• BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine gives considerable protection against tuberculosis. 
• It is a chronic disease.
• Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases.

Incorrect pairs –

• Dujardin – Ribosomes
• Theodor Boveri – Protoplasm

Scientist and their Discovery :

Important Points :

• Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665. He observed the cells in a cork slice with the help of a primitive microscope. 
• Leeuwenhoek (1674), with the improved microscope, discovered the free living cells in pond water for the first time. 
• It was Robert Brown in 1831 who discovered the nucleus in the cell. 
• Purkinje in 1839 coined the term ‘protoplasm’ for the fluid substance of the cell. 

Stapes is the smallest bone in the human body.

Important Points:

• The middle ear has three microscopic bones known as Ear Ossicles: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes. 

  The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes, and the largest bone is the femuris.

  The human body is composed of 206 bones and a few cartilages.

  At birth, a baby's body contains approximately 300 bones. 

  The number of ribs in the human body is 24.

Pineal gland is also known as biological clock.

Important Points:

• Pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin that regulates biological rhythm such as sleep -wake cycle, body temperature. 
• In addition, melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle as well as our defense capability.
• Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ductless glands. 
• Their secretions are called hormones.
• Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads (testis in males and ovary in females) are the organised endocrine glands in our body.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is the full form of OCD.

Important Points:

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a serious mental illness.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterised by frequent distressing and undesirable obsessive thoughts. 
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder typically includes both obsessions and compulsions. 
• Hand washing and frequent light switch checking are two common examples of this problem.

Antigen is  a substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.

Important Points:

• Antigens are molecules of proteins, it present on the surface of the pathogen like  bacteria, fungi and viruses. 
• When these pathogens  are enter the body, it induces an immune response in the body for the production of antibodies.

Option Explanation:

Proteins-

• Proteins are the most abundant biomolecules of the living system.
• The main sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc.
• It is found in every part of the body and form the fundamental basic structure of the body and it also required for growth and maintenance of the body.
• All proteins are polymers of α-amino acids.

Glucose-

• Glucose is a organic compound with six carbon atoms and one aldehyde group. 
•  C₆H₁₂O₆  is the chemical formula of glucose which is also known as dextrose. 

 Platelets-

• Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.
• They are cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (special cells in the bone marrow).  
• Platelets  are participated in  the coagulation or clotting of blood. 
• Its deficiency causes clotting disorders.

Cow is a ruminant animal.

Important Points:

• Ruminants are  mainly  herbivorous animals.
• They digest their food multiple times, chewing and regurgitate grass or vegetation more than once times and digesting it in various chambers of their stomachs.
• The  ruminants fit in this group are Cattle,  buffalo, yak, sheep, giraffes, bison,antelopes, moose, alpacas, llamas, and camels etc. 
• Non-ruminant animals have  a single-compartment stomach.
• Some examples of non-ruminant animals, such as swine,  cats,  poultry, horses, dogs, and humans.