Free Practice Questions for Chemistry in General-studies

Vitamin B2 deficiency causes Cheilosis.

Important Points:

• Vitamin B2 chemical name is Riboflavin.
• Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin.  
• Vitamin B2 is necessary for the proper growth of body cells.
• It is essential in metabolizing food. 
• The food that are rich in vitamin B2 are eggs, milk, banana,cheese,beans and fish.

Hydrated ferrous sulphate is green in colour.

Important Points:

• Hydrated ferrous sulphate, FeSO₄.7H₂O is also known as green vitriol. 
• On heating it, we get anhydrous ferrous sulphate which is white in colour.
• FeSO₄.7H₂O +heat→ FeSO₄ + 7H₂O
• On heating anhydrous ferrous sulphate further, we get ferric oxide (reddish brown colour), Sulphur dioxide and Sulphur trioxide.
• 2FeSO₄ +heat→Fe₂O₃ + SO₂↑+ SO₃↑

Radon is used in the treatment of cancer.

Important Points: 

• Its symbol is Rn and it  is a element of group 18 .
• It is the rarest gas. 
• It is a radioactive gas.

Options Explanation:

• Helium is a non-inflammable and light gas. For meteorological observations it is used in filling balloons.
• Neon is used in discharge tubes and fluorescent bulbs for advertisement display purposes, in botanical gardens and in green houses.
• Xenon is also known as stranger gas. It is used in flash lamps, also known as xenon-flash lamps and in photographic flashes.

Sodium chloride is used for de-icing of roads.

Important Points:

• The chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl.
•  It is used for the production of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, baking soda etc.

Option Explanation:

Hydrochloric gas is a colorless gas that gives dense white fumes when a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is brought near the mouth of the test tube.

Important Points:

• When hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is dissolved in water, a pungent chemical compound is formed called- Hydrochloric Acid. 
• It is also known as Muriatic Acid and spirits of salt.

Liquefied petroleum gas is used for cooking in homes.

Important Points:

• LPG consists mainly of propane (C₃H₈) and butane (C₄H₁₀) .
• LPG is used as a cooking gas. 
• LPG is flammable hydrocarbon gas mixtures made up of butane ,propane and isobutane and mixes of all three gases. 
• The chemical substance that is mixed up in the LPG for the safety point of view so that during leakage it can be easily detected is ethyl mercaptan.

Uranium is an actinoid.

Important Points :

• The actinoids include fourteen elements ranging from Th (thorium) to Lr (lawrencium).
• The actinoids are radioactive elements.  
• The actinoids show in general +3 oxidation state. 
• The actinoid metals are all silvery in appearance. 
• actinoids are highly reactive metals, especially when they are finely divided.

Option Explanation :

H₂SO₃.

Important Points :

• Sulfuric acid is formed by passing sulfur dioxide into water.

  Sulphurous acid is acidic in nature which turns blue litmus paper to red.

• Chemical formula of sulphurous acid is H₂SO₃.
• It is a strong reducing agent.

Options Explanation :

Lead does not show catenation.

Important Points :

• Catenation is the ability of atoms to link with each other via covalent bonds to form chains and rings.

• As one moves down the group, the size and electronegativity increase, and the tendency to show catenation decreases.

Option Explanation :

Electronegativity is a dimensionless property. 

Important Points:

• The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself when form a chemical bond.
•  It is a Fluorine is the highly electronegative element in the periodic table.

Option Explanation:

Sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid. Sulfuric acid (H₂S0₄) is a corrosive substance. It is also known as oil of vitriol or chemical king of all acids. It is manufactured by contact process. In the contact process, vanadium pentoxide (V2O₅) and Fe₂O₃ are used as catalyst. It is a good dehydrating agent and a strong oxidizing agent.

• TiCl₄ with Al(CH₃ )₃ forms the basis of the Ziegler catalysts used to manufacture polyethylene (polythene). 
• Iron oxide catalysts are used in the Haber process for the production of ammonia from N₂/H₂ mixtures. 
• Nickel catalysts enable the hydrogenation of fats to proceed. In the Wacker process the oxidation of ethyne to ethanal is catalysed by PdCl₂. 

Chlorine gas is evolved at anode during electrolysis of brine solution.

Important Points:

• An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is called brine solution. 
• When electricity is passed through an brine, it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. 
• Chlorine gas is given off at the anode, and hydrogen gas at the cathode. 
• The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed– chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.
• 2NaCl(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl₂ (g) + H₂ (g)

Ranitidine is an Antacids.

Important Points : 

• Antacids are chemical substances which can reduce or neutralize the acidity in stomach and raise the pH to appropriate level.
• Antacids contain weakly basic chemicals such as magnesium hydroxide i.e. Mg(OH)₂,  Aluminium hydroxide i.e. AlCl₃, magnesium carbonate i.e. MgCO₃, etc. 
• One of the most popular antacid tablets is ‘Ranitidine’.

Option Explanation:

Nitric acid is not the weak acid.

Important Points-

• A strong acid is an acid which is completely ionized in an aqueous solution, on the other hand weak acids are partially ionised and an aqueous solution of same molar concentration provides a much smaller concentration of H₃O⁺ ions.
  
• Strong acids — Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid.
• Weak acids — Citric acid, formic acid , acetic acid.

The gas that turns acidic dichromate solution orange to green is sulfur dioxide gas.

Important points:

•  Sulfur dioxide gas is a reducing agent. It reduces acidified potassium dichromate into chromic compound which is green in colour.
• The reaction is as follows:
  K2Cr2O7 + 3SO2 + H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
• When sulfur dioxide gas is passed through acidified dichromate solution, the orange dichromate ions are reduced to green chromic ions.
• This is a qualitative test for sulfur dioxide gas.

Chlorine gas reacts with dry slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) to form bleaching powder.

Important Points:

• Bleaching powder, also known as calcium oxychloride is represented as CaOCl₂. 
• Bleaching powder is used to kill germs and bacteria of water because it is a good disinfecting agent.
• It is also used as an oxidizing agent. 

Gamaxene, a ring compound is used as a Insecticide.

Important Points :

• The chemical name of the compound Gammaxene is Benzene Hexachloride.
• Its chemical formula is C6H6Cl6.
• It is an organochlorine compound.
• It is used for the treatment of lice and scabies.
• It is a strong insecticide. 
• It is formed when chlorine is added to benzene in the presence of sunlight.
• It is one of the stereoisomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.

Options Exhalation :

The polymer used for the manufacture of non-stick utensils is prepared from Tetrafluoro ethylene.

Important Points:

• At high pressures Teflon is manufactured by heating tetrafluoroethene with a free radical or persulphate catalyst.
• Because of its great chemical inertness and high thermal stability ,Teflon is used for making non-stick cookware.
• Teflon is a synthetic fluoropolymer.
• Teflon is chemically inert and resistant to attack by corrosive reagents. It is used in making gasket and soil seals.

Mustard gas is also known as blistering agent.

Important Points:

• Mustard gas is used in warfare.
• C4H8Cl2S is its chemical formula. 
• It is a blistering agent that causes chemical burns. 
• In 1917, the German army used it against Canadian soldiers for the first time. 
• Mustard gas can be used to make rockets, bombs, and explosive shells. 
• It can be used as either a liquid or a vapour. 
• During the First World War, Mustard gas was also used as a chemical weapon.

2 statements about ionic compounds are correct-

• They are solids.
• They have high melting and boiling point.

Important Points:

• The compounds formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent compounds. Examples – NaCl, LiCl, CaCl₂, CaO, MgCl₂, etc. 

Properties of ionic compounds-

• Ionic compounds are solids and are hard because of the strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions. 
• These compounds are generally brittle and break into pieces when pressure is applied. 
• Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.  
• Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state.