Free Practice Questions for Biology in General-studies
Practice questions here, for every subject and every exam. Unlimited questions for unlimited attempts, given with answers and explanations.
Question 101:
Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles?
Correct Answer: 3
Storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles are all tasks of the Golgi apparatus.
Important Points:
- Camillo Golgi initially described the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus is also involved in lysosome development.
- The Golgi apparatus is an essential site for glycoprotein and glycolipid production.
Question 102:
_______are called the 'Powerhouse' of the cell.
Correct Answer: 2
Mitochondria are the centers of cellular respiration.
Important Points:
- Mitochondria found in cells are called the power house of the cell.
- Mitochondria are capable of making some of their own proteins.
- Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria.
- Albert von Kolliker studied mitochondria in muscle cells.
- Richard Altman first identified mitochondria as an organelle. Later the term "mitochondria" was coined by Carl Benda.
Cell organelles | Function |
Ribosomes | Ribosomes are ‘protein synthesizing factories’ scattered throughout the cytoplasm in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Vacuoles | Vacuoles are storage sacs for solid or liquid contents. The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume. In plant cells, vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell. It also stores amino acids, sugars, various organic acids, and some proteins. |
Lysosomes | Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” because when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. |
Golgi apparatus | Its functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles. In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes. |
Endoplasmic reticulum | The function of the ER is to help in the synthesis and transport of proteins, lipoproteins, and glycogen. |
Plastids | Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts. Plastids containing the pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis in plants. In the chromoplasts fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange, or red color. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. |
Nucleus | The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell because it directs what happens within the cell. The nucleus also contains most of the cell's genetic material. |
Question 103:
The scentific study of a cell is called:
Correct Answer: 1
The scientific study of cells is called cytology.
Important Points:
- The cell is also called the "building block of life".
- It is the smallest unit of life.
- Mycoplasma are the smallest cells, only 0.3 micrometres in length while bacteria can be 3 to 5 micrometres.
- The largest isolated single cell is the egg of an ostrich.
- Neurons are the longest cells.
- Histology is the study of plant and animal tissues.
- Taxonomy is the science of identifying, naming and classifying organisms.
Question 104:
_____ is known as the suicide bag of the cell?
Correct Answer: 1
Lysosomes are known as the suicide sacs of the cell.
Important Points:
- Lysosome was discovered by C. de Duve in 1955.
- These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
- Lysosomes are a type of waste disposal system of the cell.
- These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs.
- Lysosomes are called "suicide bags".
Cell organelles | Function |
Ribosomes | Ribosomes are ‘protein synthesising factories’ scattered throughout the cytoplasm in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Vacuoles | Vacuoles are storage sacs for solid or liquid contents. The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume. In plant cells vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell. It also stores amino acids, sugars, various organic acids and some proteins. |
Golgi apparatus | Its functions include the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles. In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes. |
Endoplasmic reticulum | The function of the ER is to help in synthesis and transport of proteins, lipoproteins and glycogen. |
Plastids | Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts. Plastids containing the pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis in plants. In the chromoplasts fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange or red colour. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. |
Nucleus | The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell because it directs what happens within the cell. The nucleus also contains most of the cell's genetic material. |
Question 105:
In normal cells, the process of the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called:
Correct Answer: 2
The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription. A transcription unit in DNA is defined primarily by the three regions in the DNA: (i) A Promoter (ii) The Structural gene (iii) A Terminator. The enzyme responsible for transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In some viruses like retroviruses, the genetic material is RNA instead of DNA. The information present in genetic RNA is transferred to a single stranded complementary DNA strand which is then converted into double stranded DNA. This process is called reverse transcription. |
SSC CPO 12/12/2019 (Evening)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Translation
- Translation refers to the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide.
- The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA.
- The amino acids are joined by a bond which is known as a peptide bond.
- Formation of a peptide bond requires energy.
- The site of translation (protein synthesis) is ribosomes, which bind to mRNA and provide platform for joining of amino acids.
Translocation
- The bulk movement of substances through the conducting or vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) of plants is called translocation.
- Xylem is associated with translocation of mainly water, mineral salts, some organic nitrogen and hormones, from roots to the aerial parts of the plants.
- The phloem translocates a variety of organic and inorganic solutes, mainly from the leaves to other parts of the plants.
Question 106:
The entire content of a living cell is known as________ which includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Correct Answer: 3
Purkinje in 1839 coined the term ‘protoplasm’. Cytoplasm is the part of the cell other than nucleus and consists of the cell organelles, includes the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, centrosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts. The cytoplasm present within the nucleus is termed as the nucleoplasm. |
SSC CPO 12/12/2019 (Morning)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Cell organelles | Function |
Ribosomes | Ribosomes are ‘protein synthesising factories’ scattered throughout the cytoplasm in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Vacuoles | Vacuoles are storage sacs for solid or liquid contents. The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume. In plant cells vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell. It also stores amino acids, sugars, various organic acids and some proteins. |
Lysosomes | Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” because when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. |
Golgi apparatus | Its functions include the storage, modification and packaging of products in vesicles. In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes. |
Endoplasmic reticulum | The function of the ER is to help in synthesis and transport of proteins, lipoproteins and glycogen. |
Plastids | Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts. Plastids containing the pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis in plants. In the chromoplasts fat soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange or red colour. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. |
Nucleus | The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell because it directs what happens within the cell. The nucleus also contains most of the cell's genetic material. |
Question 107:
Which protein protects the epithelial cells from damage?
Correct Answer: 4
Keratin is a protein that is found in the hair, nails, and skin. It can be damaged by exposure to sunlight, chemicals, and heat, which can lead to hair loss, brittle nails, and dry skin. Epithelial cells are the safety shields of the body. Epithelial tissue (made up of epithelial cells) forms the covering tissue of the body. It covers the body surface and lines the body cavities and hollow visceral organs. It may be single or multi-layered. |
SSC CPO 9/12/19 (Morning)
IMPORTANT FACTS
- Collagen - Collagen is the most abundant protein in animal world. It is a fibrous protein.
- Elastin – It is a fibrous protein. It is in the dermis layer of your skin, your lungs, blood vessels, ligaments, ear cartilage and other body parts that require elasticity.
- Actin - Actin is a highly abundant intracellular protein present in all eukaryotic cells and has a pivotal role in muscle contraction as well as in cell movements. Actin also has an essential function in maintaining and controlling cell shape and architecture.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Epithelial tissues-
- Epithelium provides protection to the underlying structures.
- Protect organs from injuries by external agencies or pressure.
- Epithelium constitutes the outer layer of body surfaces, linings of the alimentary canal and the walls of hollow structures.
- It covers the internal or external surfaces of the body.
Epithelial tissues are 2 types: Simple and Compound.
- Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.
- The compound epithelium consists of two or more cell layers and has protective function as it does in our skin.
Question 108:
Which cell organelle has its own DNA and Ribosomes?
Correct Answer: 4
Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes.
Important Points:
- They are able to make some of their own proteins and replicate independently of the nucleus. Therefore, they are known as semi-autonomous organelles.
- Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration. They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP, hence they are called "power houses" of the cell.
- Albert von Kolliker studied mitochondria in muscle cells; Richard Altmann first recognized them as cell organelles; the term "mitochondria was coined by Carl Benda.
- Like the mitochondria, plastids also have their own DNA and ribosomes.
Question 109:
Which cell organelle is also known as 'powerhouse of Cell'?
Correct Answer: 2
Mitochondria is known as 'powerhouse of Cell'.
Important Points:
- Mitochondria are the main sites of aerobic respiration.
- They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP.
- In matrix of mitochondria possesses single circular DNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, ribosomes (70S) and the components required for the synthesis of proteins.
Option Explanation;
| Lysosome | Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags”. |
| Golgi apparatus | The Golgi apparatus is also involved in lysosome formation. |
| Plastids | Plastids are classified into three types based on their pigments: chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Chloroplasts are plastids that contain the pigment chlorophyll. |
Question 110:
Which cell organelle helps in keeping the cell clean by digesting any external matter and bad cell organelles?
Correct Answer: 4
Lysosomes were discovered by C. De Duve in 1955. They are single-membrane organelle. The isolated lysosomal vesicles are very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally active at the acidic pH. These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. These help to keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” because when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. |
SSC MTS 16/08/2019 (Afternoon)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Cell organelles | Function |
Ribosomes | Ribosomes are ‘protein-synthesizing factories’ scattered throughout the cytoplasm in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. |
Vacuoles | Vacuoles are storage sacs for solid or liquid contents. The central vacuole of some plant cells may occupy 50-90% of the cell volume. In plant cells vacuoles are full of cell sap and provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell. It also stores amino acids, sugars, various organic acids and some proteins. |
Golgi apparatus | Its functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles. In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes. |
Endoplasmic reticulum | The function of the ER is to help in the synthesis and transport of proteins, lipoproteins, and glycogen. |
Plastids | Based on the type of pigments plastids can be classified into chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. Plastids containing the pigment chlorophyll are known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are important for photosynthesis in plants. In the chromoplasts fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like carotene, xanthophylls and others are present. This gives the part of the plant a yellow, orange or red color. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. |
Nucleus | The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell because it directs what happens within the cell. The nucleus also contains most of the cell's genetic material. |
Question 111:
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Eukaryotic cells?
Correct Answer: 3
Eukaryotes include all protists, plants, animals, and fungi.
Important Points:
Eukaryotic cells have well organized nucleus with a nuclear envelope.
Eukaryotic cells contain a variety of complex and cytoskeletal structures.
Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes.
Not all eukaryotic cells are the same.
Plant and animal cells differ because plant cells have a cell wall, plastids, and a large central vacuole that is absent in animal cells.
Animal cells contain centrioles which are absent in almost all plant cells.
Question 112:
Which of the following cell organelle contains DNA apart from nucleus?
Correct Answer: 3
Mitochondria contains DNA apart from nucleus.
Important Points:
- They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP, hence they are called ‘power houses’ of the cell.
- Albert von Kolliker studied mitochondria in muscle cell.
- Richard Altmann first recognized them as cell organelle.
- Term "mitochondria' coined by Carl Benda.
Question 113:
Which of the following cell organelles is known as a suicidal bag?
Correct Answer: 3
Lysosomes were discovered by C. De Duve in 1955. They are single-membrane organelle. The isolated lysosomal vesicles are very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally active at the acidic pH. These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. These help to keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” because when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. |
SSC MTS 02/08/2019 (Afternoon)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Endoplasmic reticulum
- They are single membrane bound structure.
- There are two types of ER– rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- RER looks rough under a microscope because it has particles called ribosomes attached to its surface. In the absence of ribosomes they appear smooth and are called smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- The ribosomes, which are present in all active cells, are the sites of protein manufacture. The manufactured proteins are then sent to various places in the cell depending on need, using the ER.
- The SER helps in the manufacture of fat molecules, or lipids, important for cell function. Some of these proteins and lipids help in building the cell membrane. This process is known as membrane biogenesis.
Mitochondria
- The powerhouse of the cell as it synthesizes ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
- Mitochondria are the center of cellular respiration.
- Mitochondria are organelles found in the cytoplasm of most cells.
- It is found in all eukaryotes except mature RBCs of mammals.
- It is a site for aerobic respiration.
- It is a double membrane layer cell organelle.
- Mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelle
Golgi body
- The Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.
- Golgi apparatus is an important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- Its functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles.
- In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Question 114:
____ is the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass.
Correct Answer: 4
Cells are composed of water, inorganic ions, and carbon-containing (organic) molecules. The inorganic ions of the cell, including sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), constitute 1% or less of the cell mass. The organic molecules that are the unique constituents of cells belong to one of four classes of molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Proteins, nucleic acids, and most carbohydrates (the polysaccharides) are macromolecules formed by the joining (polymerization) of hundreds or thousands of low-molecular-weight precursors: amino acids, nucleotides, and simple sugars, respectively. Such macromolecules constitute 80 to 90% of the dry weight of most cells. |
SSC CPO 14/03/2019 (Evening)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Scientist | Discovery |
Robert Hooke | Cells |
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Free living cells |
Robert Brown | Nucleus |
Theodor Boveri | Centrosomes |
C.D Duve | Lysosomes |
Dujardin | Protoplasm |
Camillo Golgi | Golgi apparatus |
George Palade | Ribosome |
Question 115:
_____are called suicidal bags of the cell.
Correct Answer: 2
Lysosomes were discovered by C. De Duve in 1955. They are single-membrane organelle. The isolated lysosomal vesicles are very rich in almost all types of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases – lipases, proteases, carbohydrases) optimally active at the acidic pH. These enzymes are capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of the cell. These help to keep the cell clean by digesting any foreign material as well as worn-out cell organelles. These are present in all eukaryotic animal cells except mammalian RBCs. Lysosomes are called “suicidal bags” because when the cell gets damaged, lysosomes may burst and the enzymes digest their own cell. |
SSC CPO 12/03/2019 (Evening)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Ribosome
- Ribosomes generate proteins from amino acids. Ribosomes are also called protein factories of the cell.
- The ribosomes are the smallest known organelles without membrane.
- It is composed of RNA and proteins. Therefore, it is also known as ribonucleoprotein.
- The eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S while the prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S. Each ribosome has two subunits, larger and smaller subunits. The two subunits of 80S ribosomes are 60S and 40S while that of 70S ribosomes are 50S and 30S. Here ‘S’ (Svedberg’s Unit) stands for the sedimentation coefficient; it is indirectly a measure of density and size.
Mitochondria
- The powerhouse of the cell as it synthesizes ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
- Mitochondria are the center of cellular respiration.
- Mitochondria are organelles found in the cytoplasm of most cells.
- It is found in all eukaryotes except mature RBCs of mammals.
- It is a site for aerobic respiration.
- It is a double membrane layer cell organelle.
- Mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelle
Golgi body
- The Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.
- Golgi apparatus is an important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- Its functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles.
- In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Question 116:
The term 'Mitochondria' was coined by:
Correct Answer: 2
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are the centre of cellular respiration. Mitochondria have two membrane coverings. The outer membrane is porous while the inner membrane is deeply folded called the cristae. These folds increase surface area for ATP generating chemical reactions. The energy required for various chemical activities needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphopshate) molecules. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell. They have their own DNA and ribosomes. Therefore, mitochondria are able to make some of their own proteins. Albert von Kolliker studied mitochondria in muscle cell; Richard Altmann first recognized them as cell organelle; Term "mitochondria' coined by Carl Benda. |
SSC-CHSL 3/07/2019 (Afternoon)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Scientist | Discovery |
Robert Hooke | Cells |
Anton Van Leuwenhoek | Living cells (protozoa and bacteria) |
Robert Brown | Cell nucleus |
Schleiden and Schwann | Cell theory |
Camillo Golgi | Golgi apparatus |
George Palade | Ribosome |
Question 117:
DNA is stored majorly in _______of the cell.
Correct Answer: 4
The nucleus contains chromosomes. Chromosomes contain information for inheritance of characters from parents to next generation in the form of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) molecules. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. DNA molecules contain the information necessary for constructing and organising cells. Functional segments of DNA are called genes. In a cell which is not dividing, this DNA is present as part of chromatin material. Chromatin material is visible as entangled mass of thread like structures. Whenever the cell is about to divide, the chromatin material gets organised into chromosomes. The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane has pores which allow the transfer of material from inside the nucleus to its outside, that is, to the cytoplasm. |
SSC-CGL 11/06/2019 (Evening)
IMPORTANT FACTS
Golgi body
- The Golgi apparatus principally performs the function of packaging materials, to be delivered either to the intra-cellular targets or secreted outside the cell.
- Golgi apparatus is an important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- Its functions include the storage, modification, and packaging of products in vesicles.
- In some cases, complex sugars may be made from simple sugars in the Golgi apparatus.
- The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the formation of lysosomes.
Cytoplasm
- Protoplasm is the life giving substance and includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- The cytoplasm has in it organelles such as ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi bodies, plastids, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
- This is the outermost covering of the cell that separates the contents of the cell from its external environment.
- The plasma membrane allows or permits the entry and exit of some materials in and out of the cell.
- It also prevents movement of some other materials.
- The cell membrane, therefore, is called a selectively permeable membrane.
Question 118:
A type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds are known-
Correct Answer: 4
A type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds are known Vegetative propagation.
Important Points:
- Most plants have roots, stems and leaves.
- These are called the vegetative parts of a plant.
- In asexual reproduction new plants are obtained without production of seeds.
- There are several methods of asexual reproduction such as fragmentation, budding, spore formation and vegetative propagation.
Question 119:
Which part of a flower is the sticky surface at the top of the pistil, it traps and holds the pollen?
Correct Answer: 2
The stigma is the sticky surface at the top of the pistil; it traps and holds the pollen.
Important Points:
- The flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant.
- Stamens are the male reproductive part, and the pistil is the female reproductive part.
- A pistil consists of the stigma, style, and ovary, and a stamen consists of the anther and filament.
- The style of a carpel is a long tube that connects the stigma to the ovary. It is the tube through which pollen is delivered to the ovary.
Question 120:
What is the yellow dust present in the middle of a flower called?
Correct Answer: 2
Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the flower.
Important Points-
- There are two types of pollination, self-pollination and cross-pollination.
- In self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower.
- In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same type.
- Pollination in plants takes place with the help of wind, water and insects.
- The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.
- The fertilized egg is called a zygote.
- After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit, and the ovules develop into seeds.
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