UP PET ENGLISH QUIZ

Attempt now to get your rank among 2 students!

Question 1:

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question accordingly.
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases (including ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution.
Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer. Growing evidence suggests that air pollution exposure may be associated with reduced IQ scores, impaired cognition, increased risk for psychiatric disorders such as depression and detrimental perinatal health. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Outdoor air pollution alone causes 2.1 to 4.21 million deaths annually, making it one of the top contributors to human death. Overall, air pollution causes the deaths of around seven million people worldwide each year, and is the world's largest single environmental health risk.
Which part of the given sentence contains an error?
Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution.
Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question accordingly.
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases (including ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death to humans; it can also cause harm to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, and may damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). Both human activity and natural processes can generate air pollution.
Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer. Growing evidence suggests that air pollution exposure may be associated with reduced IQ scores, impaired cognition, increased risk for psychiatric disorders such as depression and detrimental perinatal health. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Outdoor air pollution alone causes 2.1 to 4.21 million deaths annually, making it one of the top contributors to human death. Overall, air pollution causes the deaths of around seven million people worldwide each year, and is the world's largest single environmental health risk.

Question 2:

Direction: Read the given passage and answer the following question. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the question.


The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) is truly transformative. There have been few policies in Indian history with its sweep and depth. One parallel is the first National Education Policy that emerged from the Kothari Commission in 1968. Ten years after that policy was approved by the government, J.P. Nayak, who was member secretary of the Kothari panel, wrote a book, Education Commission and After. Nayak, a much-revered figure in the field, wrote it as a reflection on what got done and what did not in those first ten years. It’s a nuanced book, as one would expect of Nayak. However, at its core, it was an expression of disappointment at the partial and haphazard implementation of the 1968 policy.I think Nayak was too early in his judgement. Without doubt, the implementation of that policy was far from what it should have been. However, as the decades have passed, it has become clearer that the direction and principles set by our first education policy have shaped Indian education deeply and fundamentally. The effect of any omission or commission of specific actions under that policy has not mattered as much. It is useful to remember that experience in the context of NEP 2020.

The latest NEP aims to transform the basic architecture, culture and approach of Indian education. Not by jettisoning the past, but by building on the good parts of it, while squarely confronting the bad. Undoubtedly, the NEP 2020 will leave a deep imprint on India over the long term, but there is also a short term set of effects which the policy can achieve if many of its actions are systematically and urgently implemented by Indian states. This involves the schooling part of the new policy, which is the responsibility of these states.

Our school education faces an unprecedented crisis, one of enormous learning losses for about 220 million children because schools were shut for over 18 months. Unless addressed comprehensively and quickly, this deficit will harm an entire generation of children and the country. Quick implementation of the relevant parts of the NEP by Indian states can provide some effective measures to deal with this emergency. Let me list a few of the most important ones.

First, the NEP’s comprehensive and systematic response to tackle problems of basic literacy and numeracy in Indian schools that existed even before the pandemic offers us exactly the platform we require to address the covid-triggered learning crisis. The real on-the-ground measures that the policy envisions would greatly strengthen efforts at recovering deep losses on foundational literacy and numeracy. Combined with the policy’s large commitment to transforming the care and education of the youngest children, not only could we emerge from today’s learning crisis, but perhaps come out ahead if the investments envisioned by the NEP are made in the ‘Foundational Stage’(ages 3 to 8).

Second, the bold vision of a new National Curriculum Framework (NCF), intended to develop real capacities, nurture the dispositions of good and engaged citizens, and develop constitutional values in our children, while being less burdensome and moving away from rote learning, is exactly what is needed in this time of a learning crisis. In simple terms, we must reconfigure and cut down the syllabus to the essentials that enable those curricular goals. Already, processes are underway to develop the NCF, with significant inputs from states. While this process of NCF development would take some time, as it should, the interim outputs can be used by states to appropriately reconfigure the education syllabus across classes such that lost learning can be recovered in a reasonable period of time.

Choose the most appropriate synonym of the word ‘revered’ as highlighted in the given passage.

Direction: Read the given passage and answer the following question. Some words are highlighted to help you answer some of the question.
The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) is truly transformative. There have been few policies in Indian history with its sweep and depth. One parallel is the first National Education Policy that emerged from the Kothari Commission in 1968. Ten years after that policy was approved by the government, J.P. Nayak, who was member secretary of the Kothari panel, wrote a book, Education Commission and After. Nayak, a much-revered figure in the field, wrote it as a reflection on what got done and what did not in those first ten years. It’s a nuanced book, as one would expect of Nayak. However, at its core, it was an expression of disappointment at the partial and haphazard implementation of the 1968 policy.I think Nayak was too early in his judgement. Without doubt, the implementation of that policy was far from what it should have been. However, as the decades have passed, it has become clearer that the direction and principles set by our first education policy have shaped Indian education deeply and fundamentally. The effect of any omission or commission of specific actions under that policy has not mattered as much. It is useful to remember that experience in the context of NEP 2020.
The latest NEP aims to transform the basic architecture, culture and approach of Indian education. Not by jettisoning the past, but by building on the good parts of it, while squarely confronting the bad. Undoubtedly, the NEP 2020 will leave a deep imprint on India over the long term, but there is also a short term set of effects which the policy can achieve if many of its actions are systematically and urgently implemented by Indian states. This involves the schooling part of the new policy, which is the responsibility of these states.
Our school education faces an unprecedented crisis, one of enormous learning losses for about 220 million children because schools were shut for over 18 months. Unless addressed comprehensively and quickly, this deficit will harm an entire generation of children and the country. Quick implementation of the relevant parts of the NEP by Indian states can provide some effective measures to deal with this emergency. Let me list a few of the most important ones.
First, the NEP’s comprehensive and systematic response to tackle problems of basic literacy and numeracy in Indian schools that existed even before the pandemic offers us exactly the platform we require to address the covid-triggered learning crisis. The real on-the-ground measures that the policy envisions would greatly strengthen efforts at recovering deep losses on foundational literacy and numeracy. Combined with the policy’s large commitment to transforming the care and education of the youngest children, not only could we emerge from today’s learning crisis, but perhaps come out ahead if the investments envisioned by the NEP are made in the ‘Foundational Stage’(ages 3 to 8).
Second, the bold vision of a new National Curriculum Framework (NCF), intended to develop real capacities, nurture the dispositions of good and engaged citizens, and develop constitutional values in our children, while being less burdensome and moving away from rote learning, is exactly what is needed in this time of a learning crisis. In simple terms, we must reconfigure and cut down the syllabus to the essentials that enable those curricular goals. Already, processes are underway to develop the NCF, with significant inputs from states. While this process of NCF development would take some time, as it should, the interim outputs can be used by states to appropriately reconfigure the education syllabus across classes such that lost learning can be recovered in a reasonable period of time.

Question 3:

Read the passage carefully and answer the question according to the passage:

The Kerala Governor has stirred up a hornet’s nest by demanding the discontinuation of a uniquely Kerala welfare scheme that covers around 1,200 people who served on the personal staff of Ministers, leaders of Opposition and government Chief Whips. The number of people who are eligible for lifetime pensions from the exchequer is set to swell to around 1,500 when the additional beneficiaries, who were recruited during the previous government, are added. Governor Arif Mohammad Khan has called for an end to this practice, terming it unconstitutional and against constitutional morality. The State spends around ₹8 crore every year on these pensions, according to estimates. The beneficiaries, mostly political activists, draw a minimum pension of ₹3,550 a month, and dearness allowance. In 1959, the State allowed Ministers to have 20 members on their personal staff; over the years that number has risen to the current 30. In 1994, when the Congress led United Democratic Front was in power, pensions were sanctioned through an executive order, with retrospective effect from 1982. In the beginning, the eligibility for this cohort was three years in service as opposed to 10 years for regular government employees. As the pension scheme for its regular employees in general became tighter, the government made flagrant exceptions for this class. They are now eligible for pensions after two years. The CPI(M)led ruling Left Democratic Front has said it would not heed the Governor’s demand, and that the pension scheme would continue

The pension scheme for the personnel staff has become a safety net for the fortunate among the cavalry of political parties, but it is a cruel insult to the swelling ranks of the State’s unemployed and underemployed youth. As the Governor has pointed out, there is also a pattern of replacing one set of staff with another after two years, in order to cover more people under the pension scheme. Some recent controversies in Kerala also brought to the fore other innovative modes of nepotism, such as arbitrary recruitment of consultants. Towards the end of the previous government, seven people were appointed to the CM’s personal staff with retrospective effect, making them eligible for pensions. All parties in Kerala had agreed to this arrangement, a source of political patronage in the resource starved State. The Governor has now disrupted that comfort zone by not merely challenging it but also launching a public campaign against it. The fact that Kerala is in a financial crisis only makes this pension scheme more unacceptable to the general public. All political parties must take note of the resentment that this preferential treatment to their protégés can create against the political class in general. They must work together for a wealth creating consensus in the State rather than designing and defending such indefensible schemes.

Find the error in this highlighted part.

Read the passage carefully and answer the question according to the passage:

The Kerala Governor has stirred up a hornet’s nest by demanding the discontinuation of a uniquely Kerala welfare scheme that covers around 1,200 people who served on the personal staff of Ministers, leaders of Opposition and government Chief Whips. The number of people who are eligible for lifetime pensions from the exchequer is set to swell to around 1,500 when the additional beneficiaries, who were recruited during the previous government, are added. Governor Arif Mohammad Khan has called for an end to this practice, terming it unconstitutional and against constitutional morality. The State spends around ₹8 crore every year on these pensions, according to estimates. The beneficiaries, mostly political activists, draw a minimum pension of ₹3,550 a month, and dearness allowance. In 1959, the State allowed Ministers to have 20 members on their personal staff; over the years that number has risen to the current 30. In 1994, when the Congress led United Democratic Front was in power, pensions were sanctioned through an executive order, with retrospective effect from 1982. In the beginning, the eligibility for this cohort was three years in service as opposed to 10 years for regular government employees. As the pension scheme for its regular employees in general became tighter, the government made flagrant exceptions for this class. They are now eligible for pensions after two years. The CPI(M)led ruling Left Democratic Front has said it would not heed the Governor’s demand, and that the pension scheme would continue

The pension scheme for the personnel staff has become a safety net for the fortunate among the cavalry of political parties, but it is a cruel insult to the swelling ranks of the State’s unemployed and underemployed youth. As the Governor has pointed out, there is also a pattern of replacing one set of staff with another after two years, in order to cover more people under the pension scheme. Some recent controversies in Kerala also brought to the fore other innovative modes of nepotism, such as arbitrary recruitment of consultants. Towards the end of the previous government, seven people were appointed to the CM’s personal staff with retrospective effect, making them eligible for pensions. All parties in Kerala had agreed to this arrangement, a source of political patronage in the resource starved State. The Governor has now disrupted that comfort zone by not merely challenging it but also launching a public campaign against it. The fact that Kerala is in a financial crisis only makes this pension scheme more unacceptable to the general public. All political parties must take note of the resentment that this preferential treatment to their protégés can create against the political class in general. They must work together for a wealth creating consensus in the State rather than designing and defending such indefensible schemes.

Question 4:

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question accordingly.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.
Freud postulated the existence of libido, sexualised energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression, and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture. Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and across the humanities.
Find the correct option which is opposite in meaning to the given word.
Interpretation
Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question accordingly.
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.
Freud postulated the existence of libido, sexualised energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression, and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture. Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and across the humanities.

Question 5:

Read the passage carefully and answer the question according to the passage:
Countries seeking loans should worry about unsustainable infrastructure projects such as airports and ports that are empty, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said in a sharp riposte to Bangladesh Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen, who asked about whether the Quad countries can offer the same kind of financial assistance that China does. In an exchange at the Munich Security Conference on Saturday, Mr. Jaishankar also said India’s ties with China were going through a “difficult phase”, adding that the state of the relationship stemmed from “the state of the border”, and China’s transgressions along the Line of Actual Control since April 2020. “We have seen now countries including in our region being saddle with large debts. We have seen projects which are commercially unsustainable: airports where an aircraft doesn’t come, harbours where a ship doesn’t come,” Mr. Jaishankar told a panel about the future of the Indo Pacific, in comments that appeared to indicate the debt situation in Sri Lanka, where there have been concerns over the Hambantota port and the Mattala airport, both originally developed with Chinese loans, which Sri Lanka struggled to pay back, eventually having to hand over the port on a 99year lease to a Chinese company. “It’s obviously in the interest of the consumer country concerned, but it’s also in the interest of the international community because unsustainable projects don’t end there. Often the next is, debt becomes equity, and that becomes something else,” he said, in a further illustration of the problem Sri Lanka faced. Significantly, the question of infrastructure financing was raised by the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh, who was in the audience of the panel discussion where Mr. Jaishankar shared the stage with the Foreign Ministers of France, Australia and Japan, as well as senior U.S. Senator Jeanne Shaheen. Mr. Momen said while India had offered Lines of Credit and Japan had also helped with infrastructure financing, incoming loans had been “declining”, and it was China that had “come forward with a basket of money and aggressive, affordable proposals”. Mr. Momen said it was hard to decide what to do, given that with the development in Bangladesh, people were demanding more infrastructure. “We need more funding from our development partners, and that unfortunately comes with lot of strings attached and that becomes very difficult. Today, our largest loans are from the World Bank and the IMF and the ADB, but also, we are trying to get some funding from others. Is there an easy way out,” Mr. Momen asked the panel. Asked about India’s relations with China, Mr. Jaishankar repeated his contention that the situation at the LAC had come up due to China’s actions in 2020.
Name of the ports that are developed with the help of Chinese loan?

Question 6:

Direction: Read the poem given below and answer the question that follow by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.
I’m busy;
but not in the way
most people accept.
I’m busy calming my fear
and finding my courage.
I’m busy listening to my kids.
I’m busy getting in touch
with what is real.
I’m busy growing things and
connecting with the natural world.
I’m busy questioning my answers.
I’m busy being present in my life.
Find the correct option which is opposite in meaning to the given word.
Courage
Direction: Read the poem given below and answer the question that follow by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.
I’m busy;
but not in the way
most people accept.
I’m busy calming my fear
and finding my courage.
I’m busy listening to my kids.
I’m busy getting in touch
with what is real.
I’m busy growing things and
connecting with the natural world.
I’m busy questioning my answers.
I’m busy being present in my life.

Question 7:

Direction : Read the following passage and using given options, answer the respective question that follow them.


South Africa’s lead bower Kagiso Rabada took three wickets in 11 balls to stem an early flow of runs for India, who were 188-6 at lunch on the third day of the second test at the Wanders in Johannesburg on Wednesday.
Rabada brought an end to a potentially devasting 111-run third wickets partnership between CheteshwarPujara and Ajinkaya Rahane, to leave the test still delicately poised as India looked to set their hosts an imposing target to chase.
India lead by 161 runs with four wickets in hand on a wicket expected to continue favouring the seamers and where a target of over 200 is going to be difficult to chase down.
Pujara and Rahane picked up where they left off on Tuesday as they took it to the home bowling, adding 66runs, in the first hour, to the overnight score of 85-2.
They were looking to take the game away from the hosts,as they both reached half centuries and put their team on course for a winning 2-0 lead in the three-match series, and a first-ever series success in South Africa.
But Rabada checked their progress by having Rahane caught behind for 58 and then Pujara trapped leg before wicket in his next over out for 53.
Rabada added the wicket of Rishabh Pant the over after. The India wicketkeeper was caught behind by Kyle Verreyne without scoring and after facing just three balls.
South Africa got another fortune breakthrough just before lunch when Ravichandran Ashwin played at a loose ball going down leg from Lungi Ngidi and was caught by wicketkeeper Verreyne for 16.
HanumaVihar on six not out and Shardul Thakur on four will resume after lunch.

Who were taking the game away from hosts ?

Direction : Read the following passage and using given options, answer the respective question that follow them.


South Africa’s lead bower Kagiso Rabada took three wickets in 11 balls to stem an early flow of runs for India, who were 188-6 at lunch on the third day of the second test at the Wanders in Johannesburg on Wednesday.
Rabada brought an end to a potentially devasting 111-run third wickets partnership between CheteshwarPujara and Ajinkaya Rahane, to leave the test still delicately poised as India looked to set their hosts an imposing target to chase.
India lead by 161 runs with four wickets in hand on a wicket expected to continue favouring the seamers and where a target of over 200 is going to be difficult to chase down.
Pujara and Rahane picked up where they left off on Tuesday as they took it to the home bowling, adding 66runs, in the first hour, to the overnight score of 85-2.
They were looking to take the game away from the hosts,as they both reached half centuries and put their team on course for a winning 2-0 lead in the three-match series, and a first-ever series success in South Africa.
But Rabada checked their progress by having Rahane caught behind for 58 and then Pujara trapped leg before wicket in his next over out for 53.
Rabada added the wicket of Rishabh Pant the over after. The India wicketkeeper was caught behind by Kyle Verreyne without scoring and after facing just three balls.
South Africa got another fortune breakthrough just before lunch when Ravichandran Ashwin played at a loose ball going down leg from Lungi Ngidi and was caught by wicketkeeper Verreyne for 16.
HanumaVihar on six not out and Shardul Thakur on four will resume after lunch.

Question 8:

Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.

According to Mae West, “you only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.” Some of the most memorable lessons in life come from stories. Stories are fundamental to the way we process life experiences and the feelings that surround them. Stories are a way to encapsulate life’s memorable moments and enduring life lessons. The human brain is programmed to perceive patterns and grasp the plot sequences of stories to store them in long-term memory. As Celine Dion said, “life imposes things on you that you can’t control, but you still have the choice of how you’re going to live through this.”
In the given passage, which of the following words has the meaning: to express or show the most important facts about something?
Direction: Read the passage given below and answer the question that follow by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.

According to Mae West, “you only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.” Some of the most memorable lessons in life come from stories. Stories are fundamental to the way we process life experiences and the feelings that surround them. Stories are a way to encapsulate life’s memorable moments and enduring life lessons. The human brain is programmed to perceive patterns and grasp the plot sequences of stories to store them in long-term memory. As Celine Dion said, “life imposes things on you that you can’t control, but you still have the choice of how you’re going to live through this.”

Question 9:

Direction for Reading Comprehension: Read the passage carefully and pick the option whose answer best aligns with the passage.
The average life span of humanity throughout all history was twenty-seven years. In the nineteenth century, however, science and improved technology trebled life expectancy. As technological capabilities improved and life expectancy increased, the number of babies per family went down, demonstrating the fact that nature keeps on balancing the population figure. After major wars, when large numbers of young and healthy men are killed, baby- making increases. The birth rate continues to rise for five years or so after the war ends until the score is rectified. All this happens without conscious cooperation or even the knowledge of the human beings. When the probabilities of human survival are poor, nature makes many babies. When the chances of man’s survival improve, nature reduces the number of new babies-----
The author says that throughout history----
Direction for Reading Comprehension: Read the passage carefully and pick the option whose answer best aligns with the passage.
The average life span of humanity throughout all history was twenty-seven years. In the nineteenth century, however, science and improved technology trebled life expectancy. As technological capabilities improved and life expectancy increased, the number of babies per family went down, demonstrating the fact that nature keeps on balancing the population figure. After major wars, when large numbers of young and healthy men are killed, baby- making increases. The birth rate continues to rise for five years or so after the war ends until the score is rectified. All this happens without conscious cooperation or even the knowledge of the human beings. When the probabilities of human survival are poor, nature makes many babies. When the chances of man’s survival improve, nature reduces the number of new babies-----

Question 10:

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.


The crisis of plastic waste in mountains: The threat of environmental sustainability sees no borders, and this holds relevance for mountains as well. One such environmental tragedy that has befallen our mountains is plastic waste. A large contributor of plastic waste in the mountains is packaging, which, if not managed properly, can end up in landfills, streams and rivers, causing detrimental effects. This challenge, coupled with the high tourist footfalls that these regions witness, overloads waste-management systems in ways that result in waste ending up in forests, valleys and streams. An issue as large and complex as plastic waste requires commitment and action from multiple stakeholders for its effective management. The participation of all these stakeholders is crucial for the development of inclusive, resilient and sustainable models for waste management in the hill towns of India. Collaboration is key to building a sustainable ecosystem: The success of business relies on a healthy planet. It is important for companies that pledge sustainability to make it a part of their corporate DNA. There is a need to work collaboratively to protect the health of these habitats and adopt sustainable best practices for cleaner and greener mountains. Businesses must act as responsible environment stewards and strive to continuously reduce the waste and emissions that degrade the environment, while simultaneously optimizing production measures through a comprehensive action plan.

Key interventions can make a difference: To achieve the goal of diverting waste from landfills and ensuring sustainability, a key first step is to streamline the waste supply chain from the source to end. In our hill towns, given the terrain and weather conditions, streamlining the segregated collection, transportation, storage and end-of-life disposal of waste is a challenge. In certain regions, the infrastructure used for collection and storage is also insufficient. Hence, efforts have to be intensified to ensure that the requisite infrastructure and staff are put in place to deal with the specific needs of different cities. Employment of digital monitoring systems to track the entire journey of waste can make it easier to identify problems early on and tackle them in real time.

To bring about a sustainable change, it is important to change perspectives, habits and common behaviours vis-a-vis waste. Across Indian hill towns, given their high tourism appeal, widespread littering is a major concern. Litter that ends up in crevices and valleys is especially difficult to clean up, and usually requires deep descents with special equipment. To overcome this challenge, it is important to foster partnerships among local non-profit organizations, trader associations, market associations and schools for conducting clean-up drives and providing bins at key locations, among other interventions. Awareness drives that include door-to-door campaigns, sector-specific training modules for hotels, markets and households, and the dissemination of information can have a positive impact on streamlining waste.

Which of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word “pledge” as given in the passage?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the question given below it. Certain words/phrases have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
The crisis of plastic waste in mountains: The threat of environmental sustainability sees no borders, and this holds relevance for mountains as well. One such environmental tragedy that has befallen our mountains is plastic waste. A large contributor of plastic waste in the mountains is packaging, which, if not managed properly, can end up in landfills, streams and rivers, causing detrimental effects. This challenge, coupled with the high tourist footfalls that these regions witness, overloads waste-management systems in ways that result in waste ending up in forests, valleys and streams. An issue as large and complex as plastic waste requires commitment and action from multiple stakeholders for its effective management. The participation of all these stakeholders is crucial for the development of inclusive, resilient and sustainable models for waste management in the hill towns of India. Collaboration is key to building a sustainable ecosystem: The success of business relies on a healthy planet. It is important for companies that pledge sustainability to make it a part of their corporate DNA. There is a need to work collaboratively to protect the health of these habitats and adopt sustainable best practices for cleaner and greener mountains. Businesses must act as responsible environment stewards and strive to continuously reduce the waste and emissions that degrade the environment, while simultaneously optimizing production measures through a comprehensive action plan.
Key interventions can make a difference: To achieve the goal of diverting waste from landfills and ensuring sustainability, a key first step is to streamline the waste supply chain from the source to end. In our hill towns, given the terrain and weather conditions, streamlining the segregated collection, transportation, storage and end-of-life disposal of waste is a challenge. In certain regions, the infrastructure used for collection and storage is also insufficient. Hence, efforts have to be intensified to ensure that the requisite infrastructure and staff are put in place to deal with the specific needs of different cities. Employment of digital monitoring systems to track the entire journey of waste can make it easier to identify problems early on and tackle them in real time.
To bring about a sustainable change, it is important to change perspectives, habits and common behaviours vis-a-vis waste. Across Indian hill towns, given their high tourism appeal, widespread littering is a major concern. Litter that ends up in crevices and valleys is especially difficult to clean up, and usually requires deep descents with special equipment. To overcome this challenge, it is important to foster partnerships among local non-profit organizations, trader associations, market associations and schools for conducting clean-up drives and providing bins at key locations, among other interventions. Awareness drives that include door-to-door campaigns, sector-specific training modules for hotels, markets and households, and the dissemination of information can have a positive impact on streamlining waste.
serach-testwale
x