1. World Snake Day - 16 July 2024
Tags: Important Days
World Snake Day is celebrated on July 16 across the world to raise awareness about the diverse species of snakes.
An Overview of the News
Aims to raise awareness about snakes, educate the public, dispel myths, and promote conservation.
Encourages discovery and fascination with the approximately 3,500 snake species.
Snake Diversity:
Around 3,500 snake species exist globally.
Only about 600 species are venomous.
Approximately 200 venomous species pose a significant risk to human life (World Health Organization).
Notable Snake Species:
Smallest Snake: Barbados thread snake, measuring about 4 inches.
Longest Snake: Reticulated python.
Heaviest Snake: Green anaconda.
Distinctive Viper: Atheris hispida (bush viper), with a scaled head resembling mythical dragons.
Social Media Hashtag:
#WorldSnakeDay promotes sharing information and raising awareness about snakes.
National Parks of India:
There are currently 106 national parks in India.
The largest national park in India is the Hemis National Park (Ladakh).
The smallest national park in India is South Button National Park (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).
The first national park of India is Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand), which was established in 1936.
Cheetah was introduced to Kuno National Park in India for the first time after independence.
The maximum number of tigers in India is located in Madhya Pradesh, followed by Karnataka.
The state of Madhya Pradesh has the highest number of national parks in India, with a total of 11 national parks.
2. India Unveils World’s First Comprehensive Fauna Checklist
Tags: Environment
India becomes the first country to prepare a comprehensive checklist of its entire fauna, covering 104,561 species.
An Overview of the News
Launched by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav on the 109th Foundation Day of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) in Kolkata.
Government’s Commitment to Biodiversity
PM’s Vision for Nature: PM Modi’s vision emphasized through programs like ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ and Mission LIFE, promoting sustainable consumption and conservation.
International Initiatives: The International Big Cat Alliance and the successful relocation of cheetahs to India highlight the government's efforts in biodiversity conservation.
Fauna of India Checklist Portal
Comprehensive Document: The portal is the first of its kind, including 121 checklists of all known taxa covering 36 phyla. It also includes endemic, threatened, and scheduled species.
Resource for Stakeholders: An invaluable reference for taxonomists, researchers, academicians, conservation managers, and policymakers.
Animal Taxonomy Summit–2024
Second Summit by ZSI: The summit focuses on three themes: Taxonomy, Systematics and Evolution; Ecology and Animal Behaviour; and Biodiversity and Conservation.
Participation and Discussions: 350 delegates from four countries, including the Natural History Museum, London, will participate, with 21 plenary/lead lectures and 142 oral/poster presentations.
Outcome: Recommendations will be conveyed to the Government of India for biodiversity conservation.
Publications and Initiatives
New Discoveries: ‘Animal Discoveries–2023’ and ‘Plant Discoveries-2023’ featuring new species and records.
Other Publications: ‘Fauna of India–109 barcodes’, ‘Catalogue of Hoverflies’, ‘Catalogue of Muscidae’, ‘Flora of India Series’, and the ‘Barcode Atlas of Indian Fishes’.
Celebrating Conservation: ‘ROAR - Celebrating 50 years of Project Tiger’ book released.
International Society of Zoology (ISZ): Launched by Jitendra Kumar to enhance global biodiversity understanding and protection.
Collaboration and Cultural Events
MoUs Signed: ZSI exchanged 10 MoUs with various universities, colleges, and national institutes for better coordination and benefits to the masses.
Cultural Performance: The event concluded with a cultural performance, attended by officials, scientists, researchers, and vice chancellors from various institutions.
3. IAF Chief Inaugurates First-Ever EMRS in Karnataka
Tags: Defence State News
Air Chief Marshal Vivek Ram Chaudhari, the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of Indian Air Force (IAF), has inaugurated the inaugural Emergency Medical Response System (EMRS) at Command Hospital Air Force (CHAF) in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
An Overview of the News
The EMRS functions as a 24/7 telephonic medical helpline dedicated to serving IAF personnel and their families nationwide.
It aims to ensure timely response by a specialized team of medical and paramedical professionals to any emergency situation encountered by callers anywhere in India.
Objectives:
The primary goal of this system is to provide prompt and efficient healthcare assistance during critical moments.
It reflects the IAF's commitment to leveraging technology for delivering high-quality healthcare services, particularly in emergency scenarios.
About Indian Air Force
Founded:- 8 October 1932
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS):- General Anil Chauhan
Headquarters:- New Delhi
Fighter:- Su-30MKI, Rafale, Tejas, MiG-29, Mirage 2000, MiG-21 HAL Tejas Mk2, HAL AMCA
Helicopter:- CH-47 Chinook, Dhruv, Chetak, Cheetah, Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-26, HAL IMRH
About Karnataka
Capital:- Bengaluru (Executive Branch)
Chief minister:- Siddaramaiah
Governor:- Thawar Chand Gehlot
Bird:- Indian roller
4. World Snake Day: 16 July
Tags: Important Days
World Snake Day was celebrated on 16 July 2023 at the National Zoological Park, (Delhi Zoo) in New Delhi.
An Overview of the news:
- The purpose of celebrating World Snake Day is to protect snakes by raising awareness about the snakes of India, mistrust about snakes and the importance of snakes in our ecology.
- On this occasion, the snake rearing staff conducted the enrichment activity by providing cage furniture in the reptile house. Along with this, tree plantation was also done inside the snake houses.
- After Mission Life with about 350 visitors and young children at the Reptile House talks about snakes and healthy living.
- Reptile House Walk was organized on this occasion.
- Presently 31 snakes of 07 species are present in the National Zoological Park.
National Parks of India:
- There are currently 106 national parks in India.
- The largest national park in India is the Hemis National Park (Ladakh).
- The smallest national park in India is South Button National Park (Andaman and Nicobar Islands).
- The first national park of India is Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand), which was established in 1936.
- Cheetah was introduced to Kuno National Park in India for the first time after independence.
- The maximum number of tigers in India is located in Madhya Pradesh, followed by Karnataka.
- The maximum number of 11 national parks in India is in the state of Madhya Pradesh, where there are a total of 11 national parks.
5. NTCA forms new committee to oversee Cheetah project
Tags: National News
The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) set up an 11-member Cheetah Project Steering Committee.
An Overview of the News
- The committee works under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
- Rajesh Gopal, general secretary of the Global Tiger Forum, has been appointed as the chairman of the committee.
- The decision to form the committee was taken after the death of six cheetahs involved in the translocation project.
- The objective of the committee is to address the challenges and issues related to the Cheetah Translocation Project.
- The committee includes 10 other members with diverse backgrounds and expertise.
Cheetah Project Committee Members:
- Rajesh Gopal (Chairman): Experienced in wildlife conservation and management.
- RN Mehrotra: Former Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Rajasthan.
- PR Sinha: Former Director of Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
- HS Negi: Former Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (APCCF)
- PK Malik: Former faculty member of Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
- GS Rawat: Former Dean of Wildlife Institute of India (WII)
- Mittal Patel: Social worker based in Ahmedabad
- Qamar Qureshi: WII Scientist and Inspector General of National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
- Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Madhya Pradesh
- Chief Wildlife Warden
National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA):
- It was established in December 2005.
- The establishment of NTCA was based on the recommendation made by the Tiger Task Force.
- The primary objective of the NTCA is to reorganise the management of Project Tiger and India's many tiger reserves.
- NTCA plays a key role in formulating policies and guidelines for the conservation of tigers, their habitats and prey species.
- NTCA oversees the management and administration of various tiger reserves located across India.
6. Gandhisagar Wildlife Sanctuary will be developed as a second home for cheetahs
Tags: State News
Recently the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh has announced that the Gandisagar Wildlife Sanctuary will be developed as a new home for cheetahs in the next six months.
An overview of the news
According to wildlife experts, after the increase in the number of cheetahs in Kuno National Park, there will not be enough area for them, so it is necessary to relocate them to another place.
Gandisagar Wildlife Sanctuary has vast open spaces and grasslands surrounded by shrubs, which is an ideal landscape for cheetah.
About Gandhisagar Wildlife Sanctuary
It is located in northwestern Madhya Pradesh (Mandsaur and Neemuch districts) near the Rajasthan border.
It was notified as a wildlife sanctuary in the year 1974.
The Chambal River flows through the Gandisagar Sanctuary and divides it into two parts.
Khair, Salai, Kardhai, Dhavada, Tendu and Palash are the major tree species found here.
Animals like chinkara, nilgai and spotted deer, panther, striped hyena and jackal are found in this wildlife sanctuary.
Gandisagar Wildlife Sanctuary has many places of historical, archaeological and religious importance like - Chaurasigarh, Chaturbhujnath Temple, Bhakaji Rock Painting, Narsinghjhar Hinglajgarh Fort, Karkeshwar Temple.
7. Nepal became a founding member of the International Big Cats Alliance
Tags: International News
Nepal has become a founding member of the International Big Cats Alliance launched by India on 13 April.
An Overview of the News
The alliance was launched under India's initiative, and during the launch event, Nepal's Energy Minister Shakti Bahadur Basnet presented a letter indicating Nepal's membership as a founding member to India's Forest and Climate Change Minister Bhupendra Yadav. Handed over
The International Big Cats Alliance aims to conserve seven big cat species including tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, cheetahs, jaguars and pumas.
Nepal's tiger population has seen a significant increase, increasing from 121 in 2010 to 335 in 2022.
Nepal successfully achieved its target of doubling the tiger population by 2022, as done during the first Tiger Summit in 2010 in St. Petersburg.
About the International Big Cats Alliance
The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) was launched by the Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi on April 9, 2023, for the conservation of seven big cat species including tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, cheetah, jaguar, and puma.
The alliance aims to reach 97 range countries covering the natural habitats of these big cats and strengthen global cooperation and efforts for their conservation.
Ministers from Bhutan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya, Nepal, Ethiopia and Malaysia expressed their support for India's efforts in alliance and conservation.
About Nepal
The kingdom of Nepal was established by the Shah dynasty.
It is a landlocked country in South Asia.
Prime Minister - Pushpa Kamal Dahal
President - Ram Chandra Paudel
Capital - Kathmandu
Currency - Nepalese Rupee
8. PM Modi launches Big Cat Alliance for conservation of seven cats
Tags: National News
On April 9, 2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA) in Karnataka.
An Overview of the News
- IBCA focuses on the conservation of seven species of big cats, including tigers, lions, leopards, cheetahs, jaguars, snow leopards, and clouded leopards.
- The alliance seeks to bring together countries, conservationists and experts from around the world to collaborate on conservation efforts for these seven big cat species.
- The purpose of the alliance is to facilitate collaboration between governments, NGOs and the private sector to create sustainable solutions for conservation.
- The introduction of the IBCA is an important step towards the conservation of these magnificent animals, as their populations face unprecedented threats from habitat loss, poaching and human-animal conflicts.
About Karnataka
- It is a state in southwest India and is bordered by Maharashtra to the north, Goa to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest.
- The state has a varied landscape, with the Arabian Sea to its west and the Western Ghats to its east.
- Bengaluru, the capital of Karnataka, is known as the "Silicon Valley of India" and is a major centre of technology and innovation.
- Hampi, located in northern Karnataka, was once the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Destinations in Karnataka include the hill station of Coorg, the beach town of Gokarna and the historic city of Bijapur.
- Kannada is the official language of Karnataka, although English and Hindi are also widely spoken.
Chief Minister - Basavaraj Bommai
Governor - Thawar Chand Gehlot
Official Animal - Indian Elephant
Official Bird - Indian Roller
Official Dance - Yakshagana
Official Song - Jaya Bharat Jananiya Tanujate
9. Cheetah died of kidney disease in Kuno National Park
Tags: National News
-Recovered.png)
A cheetah named Sasha, brought from Namibia, died on March 27 due to kidney disease.
An Overview of the News
Sasha was one of eight cheetahs relocated to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh on 17 September.
This female cheetah was four and a half years old.
Sasha's creatinine level was very high, indicating poor kidney function.
Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) - J.S. Chauhan
Important Point
The first batch of cheetahs translocated from Namibia to India were released on 17 September at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh.
The cheetahs (5 females and 3 males) were brought from Namibia in Africa as part of 'Project Cheetah'.
It was the first time in the world that a large carnivore was translocated from one continent to another.
About Kuno National Park
It is a protected area located in Madhya Pradesh, India, named after the Kuno River.
It was established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1981 with an initial area of 344.686 km (133.084 sq mi) in Sheopur and Morena districts.
In 2018, the Kuno National Park was given the status of a national park and is part of the Khathyar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion.
Kuno National Park was selected as a possible site for the Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project, which aimed to establish a second lion population in India.
Between 1998 and 2003, approximately 1,650 residents of 24 villages were resettled to sites outside the protected area to make way for the project.
10. Twelve cheetahs brought from South Africa to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh
Tags: National National News
Twelve cheetahs from South Africa were brought to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh on 18 February. Of the 12 cheetahs, seven are male and five are female.
An overview of the news
The first group of Namibian cheetahs reached Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh on 17 September 2022 under the cheetah reintroduction programme.
The second batch of Cheetahs started their journey to Kuno on 17 February 2023 from Tambo International Airport in Gauteng.
The aircraft landed at Gwalior Air Force Base in Madhya Pradesh on 18 February.
The onward journey was undertaken in Mi-17 helicopters of the Indian Air Force.
Union Environment Minister Bhupendra Yadav and Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan released the cheetahs in their quarantine enclosures.
The health of the cheetahs will be checked and then they will be kept in quarantine for a month.
Reintroduction Action Plan
Reintroduction of a species means releasing it in an area where it is capable of surviving.
Under the scheme, 50 cheetahs will be released in various national parks of the country over a period of 5 years.
Extinction of cheetahs
The last cheetah of the country was found dead in the year 1947 in Chhattisgarh and in the year 1952 it was declared extinct in the country.
Habitat loss, conflict with humans, poaching and high susceptibility to diseases are the major causes of their extinction.
About ‘Project Cheetah’
This is a one of its kind project in which a species is being brought out of the country (from South Africa / Namibia) and restored to the country.
The subspecies of the extinct cheetah in India was the Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) and the subspecies of the cheetah being brought back to the country is the African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus).
Research has shown that the genes of both these subspecies are similar.
