1. A Belarussian political dissident and civil rights organisation of Ukraine and Russia wins Nobel Peace Prize 2022
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Jailed Belarusian political dissident Ales Byalyatski, banned Russian civil rights organisation Memorial and Ukrainian group Center for Civil Liberties were named the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize 2022 announced on 7 October 2022.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee in a statement said that it “wishes to honour three outstanding champions of human rights, democracy and peaceful co-existence in the neighbour countries Belarus, Russia and Ukraine."
The Nobel Prize in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics are announced by the Swedish Nobel Committee while the Peace prize is announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
The award is seen as a return to the cold war era when the critic and dissident of the Soviet Union were given Nobel Prize by Norwegian committee so as to embarrass the Soviet Union. Russia which is the successor state of the Soviet Union is currently in a conflict with Ukraine and the Belorussian President Alexander Lukashenko is a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Award Winners 2022
Ales Byalyatski, is a human right activist ,an opponent of Lukashenko and he was detained last year. by the government.
Memorial is a Russian organisation which works for human rights and civil liberties. It was a fierce critic of Vladimir Putin and it has been banned in Russia.
Center for Civil Liberties is an independent Ukrainian human rights organisation, which is also focused on fighting corruption.
2021 Nobel Peace prize winners
In 2021 the Nobel Peace prize was given to Maria Ressa of Philippines and Dmitry Muratov of Russia.
India’s who have won the Nobel Peace Prize
- Mother Teresa (original name; Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu) won the peace prize in 1979.
- Kailash Satyarthi won the prize with Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan in 2014.
The Nobel Peace Prize which is worth 10 million Swedish crowns, or about $900,000, will be presented in Oslo, Norway on 10 December. 10 December is the death anniversary of the Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, who founded the awards in his 1895 will.
2. Annie Ernaux becomes the first French women to win Nobel Prize for Literature
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82 year old, Annie Ernaux became the first French woman to win the Nobel Prize for literature . The Swedish Academy which announced the Nobel Prize for literature 2022 on 6 October 2022, cited the French author for "the courage and clinical acuity" in her largely autobiographical books examining personal memory and social inequality.
Annie Ernaux's first novel was Les Armoires Vides, published in 1974 but she gained international recognition following the publication of Les Années in 2008, translated into The Years in 2017.
The Nobel prize for literature is normally given to established authors but some prizes have gone to writers from outside mainstream literary genres, including French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1927, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1953 and American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan in 2016.
In 2021 the prize was won by Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah.
The prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace were established in the will of Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite made and the prize have been awarded since 1901.
The prize is worth 10 million Swedish crowns ($915,000) and it will be conferred on 10 December in the Swedish capital city of Stockholm.
3. Karl Barry Sharpless, Carolyn R. Bertozzi and Morten Meldal wins the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2022
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The Royal Swedish Academy of Science on 5 October 2022 announced the winner of the2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Karl Barry Sharpless and Carolyn R. Bertozzi of America and Morten Meldal of Denmark were chosen "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry."
While Carolyn R. Bertozzi and Morten Meldal are the first-time recipients of the Nobel, Karl Barry Sharpless won the top science award for the second time in his career.
Karl Barry Sharpless is the second person to get Nobel in Chemistry twice after the British scientist Frederick Sanger who won it in 1958 and 1980.
Karl Barry Sharpless last won the Nobel in Chemistry in 2001 for his work around chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions.
The 2022 Chemistry prize was given to the three chemists for laying the foundation for a functional form of chemistry, click chemistry, and utilising it in living organisms. “
What is Click Chemistry?
Click chemistry is the special process of joining molecules together to form new molecules. The term “click chemistry'' was introduced by Barry Sharpless.
Morten Meldal and Barry Sharpless discovered chemical agents that could bind to molecules, and then add other molecules one after the other to form complex clusters of molecules which can be modified by the scientist according to the needs. At present, through this click chemistry, large and complex structures are being created by connecting molecules. They are being used from making medicines to making polymers and new substances.
The Nobel Prize will be conferred on 10 December 2022 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Persons/Institutions who has won the Nobel prize more than once
- American Physicist John Bardeen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and in 1972.
- Marie Curie was a Polish/ French scientist. In 1903 she got the Nobel Prize in Physics along with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel. She won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She is the first woman to get a Nobel Prize. She and Linus Pauling are the only two people to win Nobel prizes in two different fields.
- Linus Pauling of America. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and Peace Prize in 1962.
- Frederick Sanger. He was a British scientist who won the Chemistry Nobel prize in 1958 and 1980.
- Karl Barry Sharpless. He is an American scientist who won Chemistry Nobel prize in 2001 and 2022.
- International Committee of Red Cross: It won Nobel peace prize in 1917, 1944 and in 1963.
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: It won the Nobel peace prize in 1954 and 1981.
4. Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel wins UN refugee award
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The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on 4 October honoured former German Chancellor Angela Merkel with the UNHCR 'Nansen' Refugee Award for the year 2022 for her 'moral and political courage' during the refugee crisis in Syria.
Important facts
The award selection committee said she was chosen for her leadership, courage and compassion, which helped ensure the protection of millions of desperate asylum seekers.
Merkel will be honoured with the award on October 10 in Geneva.
Merkel's efforts for refugee protection
Under the leadership of former German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Germany gave asylum to more than 1.2 million refugees and asylum seekers in 2015 and 2016.
These refugees had reached Germany to save lives from violent conflict in Syria and other places.
UN Refugee Agency High Commissioner Filippo Grandi praised the former chancellor's resolve to stand up for the protection of refugees, human rights and international law.
About UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award
This award was established in 1954.
This award is given every year in memory of Fridjof Nansen, devoted to Norway's scientific, diplomatic and human welfare work.
This award is awarded to an individual, group or organisation that has made efforts to protect refugees, displaced and homeless people.
5. Indian American Vivek Lall gets Lifetime Achievement award in US
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Indian-origin General Atomics CEO Vivek Lal has been honoured with the Lifetime Achievement Award by US President Joe Biden with a citation for 'With Grateful Recognition'.
Important facts
The award is given to him by AmeriCorps and by the Office of the President.
AmeriCorps operates as part of the US government, which aims to promote activities that inspire Americans to "serve communities".
Indian-American Vivek Lal is currently the Chief Executive Officer of General Atomics Global Corporation.
Lal was born on 05 March 1969 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lal completed his PhD in Aerospace Engineering from Wichita State University in Kansas.
He has also been the CEO and Chairman of Reliance New Ventures Reliance Industries Limited.
6. Alain Aspect, John Clauser, Anton Zeilinger chosen for the Nobel Prize for Physics 2022
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The Royal Swedish Academy of Science has announced the winners of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics on 4 October 2022. Three scientists; Alain Aspect of France, John Clauser of USA and Anton Zeilinger of Austria were honoured for their work in Quantum physics.
According to the Academy the awards were given for their "experiments with entangled photons, and pioneering quantum information science",
Quantum physics is a field of science that aims to study matter and energy at the most fundamental level. Each of the three winners conducted ground breaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated.
The Academy said that as a result of their work, development was underway to use the "special properties of individual particle systems to construct quantum computers, improve measurements, build quantum networks and establish secure quantum encrypted communication."
On 3 October 2022, Svante Paabo of Sweden was announced the winner of the Nobel Prize for Medicine.
The Nobel Prize will be conferred on 10 December 2022 in Stockholm, Sweden.
List of Nobel Prize winners from India -
- Rabindranath Tagore (1913) - Literature. First Asian to get a Nobel Prize.
- CV Raman (1930) - Physics
- Har Gobind Khurana (1968) - Medicine. He was an Indian born American citizen.
- Mother Teresa (1979) - Peace
- Subhramanyan Chandrashekhar (1983) - Physics. He was an Indian born American citizen.
- Amartya Sen (1998) - Economics.
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan (2009) - Chemistry. He is an Indian born British and American citizen.
- Kailash Satyarthi (2014) - Peace
- Abhijit Banerjee (2019) - Economics. He is an Indian born American citizen.
7. Svante Paabo, the scientist who discovered the genome of primitive humans, won the Nobel Prize for Medicine
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Swedish geneticist Svante Paabo won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on 3 October 2022 for discoveries that help in our understanding of how modern day humans evolved from extinct ancestors.
According to the Nobel Committee, Svante Paabo won the prize for "discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.”
Svante Paabo is currently the director at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
Svante Paabo is the son of the Swedish biochemist Karl Sune Detlof Bergström who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982.
His pioneering work
He discovered a new human species called the Denisovans, from a 40,000-year-old fragment of a finger bone discovered in Siberia.
During the discovery of the genome of an extinct species of human named Neanderthal, he developed a technique by which the genome of any fossil could be accessed.
Dr. Pebo's more than 40 years of hard work discovered such a technique, which can be used to analyse the genome of millions of years old. Through this technique, factors such as bacteria, fungus, dust, seasonal changes and external chemical changes are cleaned from DNA. In the last 20 years, this technology has gone so far that now millions of DNA can be analysed simultaneously.
What is Genome
Genome is the set of information about genes within a cell. Within the genome, the complete information of that organism is kept in the form of DNA. This information, called the genome, is made up of DNA molecules. Whenever a cell divides or copies, this information is also copied together.
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize, which is considered to be the most prestigious prize in the world, was created in the will of Swedish dynamite inventor and wealthy businessman Alfred Nobel. The prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace have been awarded since 1901 and the economics prize was first given in 1969.
The prizes carry a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (nearly $900,000) and will be handed out on 10 December 2022. 10 December is the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.
8. Dr Madhav Harda selected for 32nd Bihari Puraskaar 2022
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Noted Hindi writer Dr Madhav Harda has been selected for the 32nd Bihari Puraskar 2022 for his literary criticism book ‘Pachrang Chola Pahar Sakhi Ri’.
This was announced by the K K Birla Foundation on 29 September 2022. Dr Madhav Harda's book ‘Pachrang Chola Pahar Sakhi Ri’ focuses on the life of medieval devotee poet Meera.
Bihari Puraskar
- The Bihari Puraskar is one of the three literary awards instituted by the K K Birla foundation in 1991. The award is given every year for an outstanding work published in the last 10 years by a Rajasthani author in Hindi or Rajasthani.
- It carries a cash prize of ₹2.5 lakh, a plaque and a citation.
- The first Bihari Puraskar was in 1991, to the famous poet Jaisingh Neeraj for his poetry compilation 'Dhani Ka Aadmi'.
- The 31st Bihari Puraskar was awarded to Madhu Kankariya for her 2018 novel ‘Hum Yahan The’.
K.K. Birla Prize
K.K.Birla foundation was established by Krishna Kumar Birla in 1991. It aims to promote literature, especially Hindi literature. Every year it gives literature award for works published in the last ten years
Some of the important awards given by K.K.Birla foundations are as follows:
Vyas Samman
- It is given for outstanding literary work in Hindi authored by an Indian citizen and published in the previous 10 years.
- It carries a cash prize of ₹4 lakh.
- The first person to get the award was Ram Vilas Sharma for his work “Bharat ke Pracheen bhasha parivar aur Hindi.
- The 31 Vyas Samman 2021 was awarded to Asgar Wajahat for his play Mahabali.”
Saraswati Samman
- Saraswati Samman is given every year to an outstanding literary work written in any Indian language by an Indian citizen and published within the last 10 years.
- It carries a citation, a plaque, and a cash prize of ₹15 lakhs
- First person to get the award was Harivansh Rai Bachchan in 1991 for his four volume autobiography, Kya Bhooloon Kya Yaad Karoon, Needa Ka Nirman Phir, Basere Se Door and Dashdwar se Sopan Tak.
- The 31st awardee was Ramdarash Mishra for his collection of Hindi poems ‘Mein to Yahan Hun’.
9. President Draupadi Murmu presents the National Film Awards in New Delhi
Tags: Awards
President Draupadi Murmu presented the 68th National Film Awards on 30 September 2022 in New Delhi.
Important facts
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2020 was presented to the famous actress Asha Parekh.
The best Feature Film award was given to Tamil film 'Soorarai Pottru'.
All the notable awards are as follows-
Best Feature Film - 'Soorarai Pottru'
Best Actor (shared) - Suriya for 'Soorarai Pottru' Ajay Devgn for 'Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior'
Best Actress - Aparna Balamurali for 'Soorarai Pottru'
Best Popular Film - Providing Wholesome Entertainment 'Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior'
Best Director (posthumous award) - KR Sachidanandan, better known as Sachy, for 'Ayyappanum Koshiyum'
Best Supporting Actor Award - Biju Menon for 'Ayyappanum Koshiyum'
Best Supporting Actress - Lakshmi Priyaa Chandramouli for 'Sivaranjiniyum Innum Sila Pengalum' (Tamil)
Best Screenplay - Shalini Usha Nair and Sudha Kongara for 'Soorarai Pottru'
Best Music Direction (Background Score) - GV Prakash Kumar for 'Soorarai Pottru'
Best Action Direction (Stunt Choreography) - 'Ayyappanum Koshiyum'
Best Playback Female Singer - Nanchamma for 'Ayyappanum Koshiyum'
Best Playback Singer Male - Rahul Deshpande for 'Mi Vasantrao' (Marathi)
Best Editing - Sreekar Prasad for 'Sivaranjaniyum Innum Sila Pengallum'
Best Hindi Film - 'Toolsidas Junior'
Best Music Direction (Songs) - Thaman S for 'Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo' (Telugu)
Best Lyrics - Manoj Muntashir for 'Saina' (Hindi)
Best Make-up Artist - TV Rambabu for 'Natyam' (Telugu)
Best Choreography - Sandhya Raju for 'Natyam'
Indira Gandhi Award - Best Debut Film of a Director Madonne Ashwin for 'Mandela' (Tamil)
Best Dialogue Writer - Madonne Ashwin for 'Mandela'
Best Cinematography - Supratim Bhol for 'Avijatrik' (Bengali)
Most Film-Friendly State - Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
Best Book on Cinema - Kishwar Desai for 'The Longest Kiss'
About National Film Awards
It was established in 1954.
This Awards is one of the most prestigious and much looked-forward-to events in the country.
Awards are given in three categories - Feature, Non-Features and Best Writing on Cinema.
The winners of the awards are decided by a jury consisting of eminent persons in the fields of cinema, other allied arts and humanities.
10. Publications Division bags nine awards for Excellence in Book Production 2022
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The 42nd Annual Excellence Awards Program of the Federation of Indian Publishers (FIP), the apex body of Indian publishers, was held in New Delhi on 30 September.
Important facts
Publications Division Diractorate has published General and Trade Books (English) for 'Balancing the Wisdom Tree', General and Trade Books (Hindi) for 'The Story of the Partition of India', Art and Coffee Table Books for 'Courts of India (Marathi)' Regional Language), Reference Books (English) for 'India 2022', Scientific/Technical/Medical Books (Hindi) for 'COVID-19: Global Pandemic' and categories of Magazines and Domestic Magazines (Hindi) for 'Kurukshetra' Won six first prizes.
Last year, the Publications Division had won ten awards for its various publications in different categories.
The Directorate of Publications is a repository of books and periodicals that highlight subjects of national importance and the rich cultural heritage of India.
