1. India And Namibia Sign MoU For Wildlife Conservation
Tags: National International News
India and Namibia on 20 July signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Wildlife Conservation and Sustainable Biodiversity Use to place the Cheetah in the Historic Category in India.
Thrust areas of the MoU
Biodiversity conservation with a special focus on the conservation and restoration of cheetahs in areas where they became extinct.
Exchange of expertise and capabilities with the aim of promoting cheetah conservation between the two countries.
Wildlife conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by sharing good practices
Technological applications, mechanisms of livelihood generation for local communities living in wildlife habitats and sustainable management of biodiversity.
Cooperation in climate change, environmental governance, environmental impact assessment, pollution and waste management and other areas of mutual interest.
Training and exchange of trained personnel in wildlife management including sharing of technical expertise, wherever relevant.
About Cheetah
The cheetah is one of the oldest of the big cat species, whose ancestors can be traced back more than five million years to the Miocene era.
It is the world's fastest land mammal that lives in Africa and Asia.
Human-wildlife conflict, habitat loss and hunting and illegal trafficking are the reasons for their extinction in India.
Cheetah reintroduction project in India
The main goal of the project is to establish viable cheetah metapopulation in India that allows the cheetah to perform its functional role as a top predator.
The surveys were conducted at 10 locations between 2010 and 2012.
Under this project, 50 cheetahs will be introduced in various national parks of the country over a period of 5 years.
2. Cabinet approves MoU on Judicial Cooperation with Maldives
Tags: International News National News
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in the field of judicial cooperation between India and the Judicial Service Commission of the Republic of Maldives.
Important facts
It will provide a platform to tap the benefits of Information Technology for court digitization.
It can be a potential growth area for the IT companies and start-ups in both the countries.
With the signing of this agreement on cooperation in the field of law and justice, better relations between the two countries will gain further impetus.
This will not only enable the exchange of knowledge and technology in judicial and other legal areas between the two countries but will also advance the objectives of the “Neighbourhood First” policy.
In recent years, the close relations between India and Maldives have deepened multidimensionally.
About Maldives
It is also called Maldive Islands, an independent island country in the north-central Indian Ocean.
It extends more than 510 miles (820 km) from north to south and 80 miles (130 km) from east to west.
Basis of economy - fisheries, tourism
Industries - handicraft or cottage including the making of coir (coconut-husk fibre) and coir products, fish canning, and boatbuilding.
Capital - Male
President - Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Official Language - Dhivehi (Maldivian)
Official Religion - Islam
Currency - Rufiyaa
3. U.K. records its highest-ever temperature
Tags: International News
Britain broke its record for the highest temperature ever recorded, with a temperature of 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) on 19 July.
Important facts
The United Kingdom had earlier recorded the highest temperature in 2019 at 38.7 C (101.7 F).
This new record has been set in Charleswood, England.
For the past week, the highest temperature has been recorded in the whole of Europe due to the scorching heat.
"Extreme" heat warnings were issued for London in the south and Manchester and Leeds in the north on 19 July.
The "extreme" warning means there is danger to human life.
Effects of Extreme Heat
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), extreme heat can exacerbate respiratory diseases, heart conditions and kidney diseases.
Its immediate effects on the human body include dehydration and potentially fatal heat stroke.
It can also have serious impacts on agriculture and forests.
Due to this the plants wither and dry up and the disease spreads among the plants.
It causes forest fires which lead to reduction in forest cover and death of living beings.
Highest Temperature ever on Earth
California’s Death Valley registered a temperature of 54.4 degrees Celsius or 129.9 degrees Fahrenheit on August 16, 2020.
Once verified, this could be the highest ever recorded temperature on Earth.
Temperature is specified as preliminary, not final as it requires verification.
Death Valley is a desert valley in Eastern California.
4. Wildfires and heat wave across Europe
Tags: International News
Europe, along with countries such as Spain, Greece and France, is battling fierce wildfires and heat waves and struggling to extinguish fires and prevent damage.
Important facts
Thousands of hectares of forest land has been burnt to ashes amid the scorching heat.
The fire has forced thousands to flee their homes and killed many relief workers.
Cause of the wildfires
As far as Europe is concerned, the region has come under fire for being unusually dry and hot.
Experts are citing climate change as the reason.
They say that above-normal temperatures and drought conditions are causing fire incidents in some parts.
Rising temperatures absorb moisture from plants, producing abundant dry fuel.
Drought and extreme heat can kill plants and dead grass, and dry forest fires are more likely to occur.
Lightning from the sky or sparks generated by the carelessness of the local population also causes fire.
Forest fires in India
About 22 percent of the forest area in India comes under the highly fire prone category.
Recently, there have been incidents of fire in Sariska Tiger Reserve of Rajasthan, Simlipal Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha, Ladkui forests and forest areas of Mazhagawan region of Madhya Pradesh.
Impacts of wildfire
Air pollution caused by forest fires is more intense than other types of air pollution.
Wildfire smoke can affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Forest fires not only destroy flora (trees, herbs, grasslands, meadows, etc.) and their diversity, but also have significant long-term negative effects on fauna, including wild endangered species.
Forest fires destroy organic matter in the soil and expose the top layer to erosion.
It can disrupt transportation, communications, electricity and gas services, and water supplies.
5. Microblogging platform Twitter launched an "Unmentioning feature"
Tags: International News
Microblogging platform Twitter has launched an "Unmentioning feature". This feature will allow users to remove themselves from any conversation.
Important facts
This feature will allow users to disengage themselves from conversations they no longer wish to be a part of.
It will help protect the peace of the people by removing themselves from unwanted conversations.
Twitter was testing the unmanaging feature on a limited number of users so far. Now it has been launched for everyone.
The feature has been launched amid the ongoing stir over the walkout of Elon Musk's USD 44 billion deal to buy Twitter.
Elon Musk's walkout
In premarket trading, Twitter shares fell nearly 6 percent amid Elon Musk's recent walkout.
Musk recently cancelled his $44 billion deal to buy Twitter.
After this Twitter announced the prosecution of Elon Musk.
About Twitter
Twitter was founded in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone, Noah Glass and Evan Williams.
It is an American communications company headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Twitter is a microblogging and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages called "tweets".
CEO - Parag Agarwal
6. International Nelson Mandela Day
Tags: Important Days International News
International Nelson Mandela Day is celebrated across the world on 18 July every year to mark the birth anniversary of Nelson Mandela, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former President of South Africa.
Important facts
The observance of this day seeks to celebrate the idea that every individual has the power to change the world, the ability to make an impact.
It aims to inspire individuals to take action to help change the world for the better.
In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially declared 18 July as "International Nelson Mandela Day" in honour of the former President of South Africa's contribution to a culture of peace and freedom.
It also reflects the anti-apartheid icon's commitment to promoting the values of democracy, racial justice and human rights in the field of racial relations, and his dedication to serving humanity.
About Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in Mvezo, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
On 5 August 1962, he was arrested for inciting the workers to strike and leaving the country without permission.
He was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment on 12 July 1964.
He was released on 11 February 1990 after spending 27 years in prison.
On 10 May 1994, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.
Nelson Mandela is called the Gandhi of South Africa.
Prize
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 jointly with Frederick Willem de Klerk, former President of South Africa
order of lenin
Bharat Ratna (1990)
Nishan-e-Pakistan
Gandhi Peace Prize (2008)
7. Two-Day Meeting Of The BIMSTEC Expert Group On Cyber Security
Tags: International News
The National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), Government of India, has hosted a two-day meeting of the Expert Group of BIMSTEC on Cyber Security on 14 and 15 July 2022 in New Delhi.
Important facts
The meeting of the BIMSTEC Expert Group on Cyber Security Cooperation is based on the agreement reached during the BIMSTEC National Security Chiefs' Meeting held in Bangkok in March 2019.
The meeting of the BIMSTEC Expert Group on Cyber Security in person was chaired by the Indian National Cyber Security Coordinator Lt Gen Rajesh Pant.
Representatives of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand are participating in this meeting. All these representatives are cyber security experts of their respective government organisations.
India, as a leading country in the security sector in the BIMSTEC Forum, has taken the initiative to organise this meeting on cyber security cooperation and to develop an action plan on cyber security.
BIMSTEC action plan to tackle cyber security challenges
Main Objective- The main objective of this meeting of the BIMSTEC Expert Group is to prepare an action plan.
It will promote coordination and cooperation among BIMSTEC member states to strengthen cyber security in the use of information and communication technology (ICT).
Scope of Expansion - This action plan will cover the mechanisms for the following-
cyber, exchange of information related to cyber crime,
protection of critical information infrastructure,
International developments related to cyber incident response and cyber standards.
Implementation - The Action Plan is proposed to be implemented within a time frame of 5 years after which the Expert Group on Cyber Security will review the Action Plan.
About BIMSTEC countries
BIMSTEC was established in 1997 to provide an exclusive link between South and South-East Asia with five countries – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka from South Asia and two countries in South-East Asia – Myanmar and Thailand.
Areas of Cooperation -All these countries came together as a platform for cooperation in 14 major economic and social sectors of the economy.
Headquarters- Kathmandu, Nepal.
General Secretary- Tenzin Lekfell.
BIMSTEC 2022 Summit- The 5th BIMSTEC summit was hosted in virtual form (in virtual mode) by the current BIMSTEC President Sri Lanka.
Theme of BIMSTEC 2022- The theme of the 5th BIMSTEC Summit is “Towards a Resilient Region, Prosperous Economies, Healthy People” .
8. Iran, Belarus to be newest SCO members
Tags: International News
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is all set to expand with Iran joining the group as its ninth member, while Belarus has applied for membership.
Important facts
The decision to include Iran was made at last year's Dushanbe summit and Belarus has applied for its membership.
This is the first expansion of the SCO after India and Pakistan joined the grouping in 2017.
The significance of this expansion is that it reflects the growing international influence of the SCO and also shows that the principles of the SCO Charter are being widely accepted.
India will host the SCO summit next year, and Varanasi has been selected as the SCO region’s first “Tourism and Cultural Capital”.
What is Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)?
It is a permanent intergovernmental international organization.
It was founded in 2001.
The SCO Charter was signed in 2002, and came into force in 2003.
It is a Eurasian political, economic and military organization.
Its aim is to maintain peace, security and stability in the region.
China, Russia and four Central Asian states – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan – were founding members of the SCO.
Official Languages - Russian and Chinese
Chairmanship - On the basis of rotation for a year by Member States
9. "Cost of Living Crisis in Developing Countries" report
Tags: International News
On July 14, 2022, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) published its "Cost of Living Crisis in Developing Countries" report.
About the report
Title - Addressing the crisis of cost of living in developing countries: Poverty and vulnerability estimates and policy responses.
Objectives of the report
It estimates the potential impacts of food and energy inflation on global poverty and vulnerability.
According to this report, the global livelihood crisis is pushing another 71 million people into extreme poverty in the world's poorest countries.
An analysis of more than 159 developing countries showed that rising prices of key commodities in 2022 are already troubling parts of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Balkans.
The report warns that the cost of living crisis is pushing millions of people into poverty and hunger at an alarming pace.
UNDP recommendation
According to the UNDP, targeted cash transfers by governments will prove to be more "equitable and cost-effective" than broad subsidies on energy and food prices.
UNDP has called for corresponding action. It has asked to provide direct cash transfer to vulnerable people. It also asked wealthy nations to further expand the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI), which they set out to help poor countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
About United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
UNDP is a United Nations body, which helps countries to eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
It is headquartered in New York City, and has offices in 170 countries.
UNDP is the largest development aid agency of the United Nations.
10. BRICS Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting
Tags: International News
Union Labor and Employment Minister Bhupendra Yadav participated in the BRICS Labor and Employment Ministers meeting held under the Chinese presidency on 14 July.
Important facts
With regard to the priority issues discussed in the meeting, the Minister highlighted the initiatives taken by India.
The Minister informed that a Sector Council for Green Jobs in India has been set up to develop strategies and implement programs for skill development in the green sector.
The minister explained the steps taken by India to provide relief to the workers during the pandemic.
India has taken several initiatives to increase the number of days of assured employment under MGNREGA and to provide free ration.
The government has provided loans to street vendors to help them restart their business under the PM Svanidhi Yojana during the pandemic.
The meeting was attended by ministers from member countries Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
Declaration of the meeting
The need for promoting green jobs was recognized in the Declaration of the meeting.
The Declaration recognized the need to promote green jobs for sustainable development, strengthen cooperation in skill development and protect workers' rights in new forms of employment.
Discussions on three priority issues
Promoting green jobs for sustainable development,
Developing skills for resilient recovery,
Protecting Workers Right in New Forms of Employment.
About BRICS
It is an acronym for the group of major emerging economies of the world – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
In 2001, British economist Jim O'Neill coined the term BRIC.
South Africa was invited to join BRIC in December 2010.
