1. International Friendship Day
Tags: Important Days
International Friendship Day is celebrated every year on 30 July to celebrate friendship as well as promote the idea of meeting new people and making friends.
Important facts
Countries of the world celebrate friendship day twice.
Countries like Bangladesh, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and the United States of America, including India, celebrate Friendship Day on the first Sunday of August every year.
History of International Friendship Day
The day was first proposed in 1958 by an international civil organisation - the World Friendship Crusade.
In the 65th United Nations session held in the year 2011, July 30 was officially fixed for International Friendship Day.
International Day of Friendship is an initiative taken by UNESCO to spread the culture of peace.
Theme of International Day of Friendship 2022: Sharing the human spirit through friendship.
Significance of International Friendship Day
It is a celebration of the bond of friendship between people.
Many people use the phrase 'friends like family' to describe friends who are very close to their family.
This phrase is an expression of the feeling of appreciation towards dearest friends.
2. World Tiger Day
Tags: Important Days
International Tiger Day is celebrated every year on 29 July to raise awareness about the declining tiger population and efforts to conserve them.
Important facts
Its goal is to promote a global system for protecting tiger habitats and to increase public awareness and support for tiger conservation issues.
The first World Tiger Day was celebrated in 2010 at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia, in which a total of 13 countries with a tiger zone set a global target of doubling the population of wild tigers by 2022.
Significance of International Tiger Day
According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), there were approximately 100,000 tigers at the beginning of the 20th century.
In the year 2010, it was observed that this number has come down considerably to 3,200.
Therefore, International Tiger Day plays an important role in creating and spreading awareness for the conservation of tigers.
About Tiger
Scientific name of the tiger is "Panthera tigris".
It is the national animal of India.
Union - Chordata
Its age is about 19 years.
Tiger is the largest species of cat in the whole world.
The Siberian tiger is the largest tiger in the world.
The tiger found in Sumatra (an island of Indonesia) is the smallest tiger in the world.
Tiger population in India
According to the 2018 All India Tiger Estimation Report, the tiger population in India is 2967.
70% of the world's tigers are found in India.
Madhya Pradesh has the largest number of tigers.
After that live in Karnataka and Uttarakhand.
Tiger conservation projects in india
Project Tiger
Project Tiger was started by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the year 1973.
Under this program, central assistance is provided to the states having tiger populations for conservation of tigers.
At the time of the launch of Project Tiger in the year 1973, there were only 9 Tiger Reserves in the country, at present the total number of Tiger Reserves in the country has increased to 50.
National Tiger Conservation Authority
The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
It was established in the year 2005 following the recommendations of the Tiger Task Force.
3. World Hepatitis Day
Tags: Important Days
Every year on 28 July the world observes "World Hepatitis Day" to raise awareness about this deadly liver infection.
Important facts
The theme for the year 2022 - “Bringing hepatitis care closer to you”.
It aims to highlight the need to bring hepatitis care closer to primary health care facilities and communities, to ensure better access to treatment and care.
About Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E.
The other causes of the disease are medicines, toxins, drugs, and alcohol.
Hepatitis is the only communicable disease with increasing mortality.
Treatment
Hepatitis A and E are limited types of disease (i.e. they go away on their own) and do not require any specific antiviral medications.
Effective drugs are available for hepatitis B and C.
Effect of Hepatitis
Southeast Asia accounts for 20% of the global morbidity burden of hepatitis.
About 95% of all hepatitis-related deaths are due to cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses.
Viral hepatitis, caused by the hepatitis virus, remains a major public health problem in India.
A global target has been set to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
An Integrated Regional Action Plan for Viral Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 2022-2026 is being developed by WHO.
4. Kargil Vijay Diwas
Tags: Important Days
Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated across India on 26 July every year to remember the victory of the Indian Armed Forces in Operation Vijay against the infiltration of Pakistani troops in 1999.
Important facts
The objective of celebrating Kargil Vijay Diwas is to inculcate the spirit of nationalism and patriotism especially among the youth through nationwide campaigns and to pay tribute to the brave soldiers.
It was fought between May–July 1999 along the Line of Control (LoC) in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir (now a district in the Union Territory of Ladakh) in which India won.
Operation Vijay (Kargil War)
The Kargil War, popularly known as 'Operation Vijay', began on 3 May 1999 and ended on 26 July 1999.
It was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place in the Kargil district of Ladakh and other places along the Line of Control (LoC).
It was fought for over 60 days (between May and July 1999) and finally India regained control of all its territories.
In the 60-day long struggle, the victory of Tiger Hill was one of the significant achievements.
5. 163rd anniversary of Income Tax Day observed by CBDT
Tags: Economics/Business Important Days
The 163rd anniversary of Income Tax Day was celebrated across India on 24 July by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and all its regional offices.
Important facts
Union Finance and Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that the reforms introduced by the government in recent years have ensured a trust-based tax system.
Taxpayers have also reaffirmed the faith-based approach, as evidenced by the trend towards better tax collection and increase in the number of income tax returns filed.
Sitharaman lauded the Income Tax Department for successfully implementing the policy reforms.
He lauded the Income Tax Department for achieving the highest ever revenue collection of over Rs 14 lakh crore in the last financial year.
On this occasion the field formations held a number of events and activities.
About Income Tax Day
This day has been celebrated in India since 2010.
In 2010, the Income Tax Department decided to observe 24 July as an annual festival day, marking 150 years of Income Tax.
Income tax was first levied as a tax on July 24, 1860.
Therefore, July 24 holds a lot of importance for the Income Tax Department.
It was introduced by Sir James Wilson in 1857 to compensate for the loss suffered by the British Government during the First War of Independence.
Significance of the day
It is celebrated to appreciate the Income Tax Department for its immense service to the nation.
The agency administers direct taxes and serves as a source of revenue for the government.
It is also an effective tool for achieving socio-economic objectives.
The Income Tax Department adapts to sudden changes in the economy and enjoys a healthy growth in tax collection.
About Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)
CBDT i.e. Central Board of Direct Taxes is a part of the Department of Revenue in the Ministry of Finance.
CBDT is empowered by the Board of Revenue Act 1963.
CBDT provides necessary inputs for direct tax policies and schemes in India. Also it is responsible for the administration of direct tax laws through the Income Tax Department.
All matters relating to direct taxes in India were entrusted to the Central Board of Direct Taxes with effect from 1 January 1964.
The CBDT is headed by the Chairman and can have six members, who are of the rank of Special Secretary.
It is the administrative body for the Income Tax Department.
6. World Brain Day
Tags: Important Days
Every year, on 22 July, World Brain Day is observed to raise awareness about multiple sclerosis.
Important facts
This year the theme of World Brain Day is Brain Health for all.
The World Brain Day 2022 campaign will focus on these five key messages globally:
Awareness: Brain health is important for mental, social and physical health.
Prevention: Many brain diseases can be prevented.
Advocacy: Optimal brain health requires global efforts.
Education: Education is the key to brain health for all.
Access: Equal access to resources, treatment and rehabilitation is essential to brain health.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and spine.
Multiple sclerosis disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
In this condition myelin, a protective layer around nerve fibres, is attacked by the immune system.
This causes swelling and temporary sores.
According to the WFN, multiple sclerosis is a debilitating neurological disease that affects a person's life, with effects ranging from cognitive impairment to physical disability.
The progression of multiple sclerosis can be slowed by disease-modifying therapies.
7. International Moon Day 2022
Tags: Important Days
International Moon Day is observed annually on 20 July.
Important facts
On December 9, 2021, the United Nations General Assembly recognized a resolution submitted by the Moon Village Association and other groups.
The application was submitted to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) to celebrate International Moon Day.
This day is celebrated to commemorate the anniversary of the first human landing on the surface of the Moon.
Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the Moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission.
The moon day of 2022 was the first lunar day celebrated by the global community.
Theme of 2022
‘Lunar Exploration Coordination & Sustainability’
It aims to educate people about the importance of sustainable moon exploration.
8. World Chess Day 2022
Tags: Important Days
World Chess Day is celebrated every year on 20 July.
Important facts
World Chess Day is also known as International Chess Day as it is celebrated globally.
The main reason why International Chess Day is celebrated on 20 July is that the International Chess Federation (FIDE) was established on this date in the year 1924.
The primary idea of celebrating International Chess Day was proposed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The day has been celebrated since the inception of FIDE in 1966.
World Chess Day is celebrated to encourage people to play the game and to increase their mental strength and thinking level.
Top 5 World Chess Champions
Viswanathan Anand (India)
Bobby Fischer (America)
Magnus Carlsen (Norway)
Fabiano Caruana (America)
Mikhail Tal (Latvia)
9. International Nelson Mandela Day
Tags: Important Days International News
International Nelson Mandela Day is celebrated across the world on 18 July every year to mark the birth anniversary of Nelson Mandela, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former President of South Africa.
Important facts
The observance of this day seeks to celebrate the idea that every individual has the power to change the world, the ability to make an impact.
It aims to inspire individuals to take action to help change the world for the better.
In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially declared 18 July as "International Nelson Mandela Day" in honour of the former President of South Africa's contribution to a culture of peace and freedom.
It also reflects the anti-apartheid icon's commitment to promoting the values of democracy, racial justice and human rights in the field of racial relations, and his dedication to serving humanity.
About Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in Mvezo, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
On 5 August 1962, he was arrested for inciting the workers to strike and leaving the country without permission.
He was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment on 12 July 1964.
He was released on 11 February 1990 after spending 27 years in prison.
On 10 May 1994, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.
Nelson Mandela is called the Gandhi of South Africa.
Prize
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 jointly with Frederick Willem de Klerk, former President of South Africa
order of lenin
Bharat Ratna (1990)
Nishan-e-Pakistan
Gandhi Peace Prize (2008)
10. World Youth Skills Day
Tags: Important Days
World Youth Skills Day is celebrated across the world on 15 July every year.
Important facts
It was designated by the United Nations General Assembly in the year 2014.
This resolution was initiated by Sri Lanka with the help of G77 (Group of 77 countries) and China to highlight the importance of youth skill development at the global level.
The purpose of this day is to provide the youth of the world with the necessary skills for employment, work and entrepreneurship.
The theme for the year 2022 is "Learning and Skills for Life, Work and Sustainable Development".
Steps taken by India for Youth Skills
Industrial Training Centres (ITIs)- Conceived in the year 1950, Industrial Training Centres (ITIs) aim to expand and modernise the existing training ecosystem in India.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)- This scheme launched in the year 2015 aims at providing free skill training to the youth of India.
National Career Service (NCS) Project- 'Free Online Career Skill Training' was started in the year 2015 for the registered candidates seeking employment under the National Career Service Project.
Self-reliant Skilled Employer-Employer Mapping i.e. 'Aseem' (ASEEM)- This portal launched in the year 2020 helps skilled people find sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and Skills or ‘SHREYAS’ – This scheme was started with the objective of providing industry apprenticeship opportunities to general graduates of the year 2019 session through National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS).
Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana (Youth Entrepreneurship Development Campaign) – The program launched in the year 2016 aims at creating an enabling ecosystem for entrepreneurship development through entrepreneurship education and training; Advocating for entrepreneurial support networks and ensuring easy access and promoting social enterprises for inclusive growth.
